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85
Wealthy people have always travelled to distant parts of the world to see great
buildings or other works of art; to learn new languages; or to taste new cuisine. As long ago
as the time of the Roman Republic places such as Baiae were popular coastal resorts for the
rich.
The terms tourist and tourism were first used as official terms in 1937 by the League
of Nations. Tourism was defined as people travelling abroad for periods of over 24 h.
The word tour gained acceptance in the 18th century, when the Grand Tour of Europe
became part of the upbringing of the educated and wealthy British nobleman or cultured
gentleman. Grand tours were taken in particular by young people to "complete" their
education. They travelled all over Europe, but notably to places of cultural and aesthetic
interest, such as Rome, Tuscany and the Alps.
The British aristocracy were particularly keen on the Grand Tour, using the occasion
to gather art treasures from Europe to add to their collections. The volume of art treasures
being moved to Britain in this way was unequalled anywhere else in Europe, and explains
the richness of many private and public collections in Britain today. Yet tourism in those
days, aimed essentially at the very top of the social ladder and at the well educated, was
fundamentally a cultural activity. These first tourists, though undertaking their Grand Tour,
were more travellers than touris ts .
Most major British artists of the eighteenth century did the "Grand Tour", as did their
great European contemporaries such as Claude Lorrain. Classical architecture, literature and
art have always drawn visitors to Rome, Naples, Florence.
The Romantic movement (inspired throughout Europe by the English poets William
Blake and Lord Byron, among others), extended this to Gothic countryside, the Alps, fast
flowing rivers, mountain gorges, etc.
Text 2. Health tourism & leisure travel
It was not until the 19th century that cultural tourism developed into leis ure and health
tourism. Some English travellers, after visiting the warm lands of the South of Europe,
decided to stay there either for the cold season or for the rest of their lives. Others began to
visit places with health-giving mineral waters, in order to relieve a whole variety of diseases
from gout to liver disorders and bronchitis.
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