Традиции, обычаи и праздники Китая (Traditions, Customs and Festivals of China). Сухомлинова С.И - 89 стр.

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88
envoy ['envoi] – посланник
faith [feiθ] – вера
roar [rɔ:] – рычать
nobleness ['nɔblinis] – благородство
divine [dı'vaın] – божественный
nobleness – благородство
dignity ['dıgnıtı] – достоинство
evil [i:vl] – зло
adorn [ә'dɔ:n] – украшать
balusters ['bælәstә] – балюстрада
posture [´pɔs ʧә] – поза
stud [stʌd] – стойка
Task 2. Discuss the following questions.
1. What purpose do you think stone lions served in ancient China?
2. Do you know in what Russian cities there are stone lions?
3. Do you know the history of appearing stone lions in front of the
main building of the Far Eastern University?
Task 3. Read the text and check your answers to Task 2.
Stone Lions (Shishi)
In front of the gates of traditional buildings - palace halls, old
government offices, mansions and other houses of style - one can still
see a pair of lions standing guard. Carved out of stone, they are a
male and a female , with the male on the left, his right paw resting on
a ball, and the lioness on the right, her left paw fоndling a cub.
The lion was thought to be the monarch of the animal kingdom,
and its images represented august power and formidable prestige to
keep all quarters in awful submission. The ball played by the male
lion symbolized the unity of the empire, and the cub below the female
thriving offspring.
Use of the lions was not the exclusive privilege of the court.
Other personages of rank could also have them in front of the main
entrances to their houses, with their ranks indicated by the number of
lumps representing the curly hair on the head of the animal. Lions
with 13 lumps, the highest number, guarded the houses of officials of
the first grade, and the number of these lumps decreased by one as the
rank of the official went down each grade. Officials below the
seventh grade, however, were not allowed to have stone lions. 
envo y ['e nvo i] – посланни к
fa it h [fe iθ ] – вера
roar [rɔ :] – рычать
nob le ness ['nɔb linis ] – благородство
divine [d ı'va ın] – божественный
nob le ness – благородство
dignit y ['d ıgnıt ı] – достои нство
evil [i:vl] – зло
adorn [ә 'd ɔ :n] – украшать
baluste rs ['bæ lәstә] – балюстрада
posture [´pɔs ʧә] – поза
stud [stʌd ] – стойка

      Task 2. Discuss the follo wing ques tions.
1. What p urpose do yo u t hink sto ne lio ns served in a nc ie nt C hina ?
2. Do yo u k now in w hat Russ ia n c it ies t here are stone lio ns?
3. Do yo u k now t he histo ry o f ap pearing sto ne lio ns in fro nt o f t he
ma in b uild ing o f t he Far Eastern U nive rs it y?

       Task 3. Read the text and check your answers to Task 2.
                             Stone Li ons (Shishi)
       In fro nt o f t he gates o f trad it io na l b uild ings - pa lace ha lls, o ld
go ve rnme nt o ffices, ma ns io ns a nd ot her ho uses o f st yle - o ne ca n st ill
see a pa ir o f lio ns sta nd ing guard. Carved o ut o f sto ne, t he y are a
ma le a nd a fe ma le , wit h t he ma le on t he le ft, his right paw rest ing o n
a ball, and t he lio ness o n t he right, her le ft paw fо nd ling a c ub.
       The lio n was t ho ught to be t he mo narc h o f t he a nima l k ingdo m,
and its ima ges represe nted a ugus t power a nd fo rmidab le prest ige to
keep all q uarters in aw ful s ub miss io n. The ba ll p la ye d b y t he ma le
lio n s ymbo lized t he unit y o f t he e mpire, and t he c ub be low t he fe ma le
thriving o ffsp ring.
       Use of t he lio ns was not t he e xc l us ive p rivile ge o f t he co urt.
Othe r perso na ges o f ra nk co uld a lso ha ve t he m in fro nt o f t he ma in
ent ra nces to the ir ho uses, wit h t he ir ra nks ind icated b y t he nu mber o f
lu mps represe nt ing t he c urly ha ir on t he head o f t he ani ma l. Lio ns
wit h 13 lu mps, the highest nu mber, guarded t he ho uses o f o ffic ia ls o f
the first grade, a nd t he nu mber o f t hese lu mps decreased b y o ne as t he
rank o f t he o ffic ia l we nt dow n each grade. O ffic ia ls be low t he
seve nt h grade, howe ver, were not allowe d to ha ve sto ne lio ns.


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