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94
at four sides of the city walls. Wumen (Meridian Gate) in the south
and Shenwumen (Gate of Divine Military Genius) in the North are the
entrance and exit points for visitors. The layout of the Forbidden City
is based on a Chinese cosmic diagram of the universe that clearly
defines the north-south and east-west axes. With its crimson walls
and golden tiles, painted pillars and sculpted beams, the spectacular
grandeur and masterful workmanship often live visitors enthralled. A
walk among the different places, pavilions and halls is like a journey
back in time or being transported into a different world.
The Temple of Heaven is the world’s largest temple for heaven-
worshipping. Situated to the south of the Forbidden Palace, its area is
a massive of 2.7 million square meters, four times the size of the
Forbidden City.
China’s emperors were called “Tianzi” or “Son of the Heavens”,
hence it was their responsibility to pray to the gods in order to bless
the nation, including those gods who represent Earth, Water,
Agriculture, Military, Society, Religion, Civilians and the ancestors.
Worshipping the gods was one of the Emperor’s major functions and
there were related activities all-year round. Thus, Beijing abounds
with these architectural marvels, each with their own characteristics.
The workers’ Cultural Palace to the east of Tian’anmen Square was
where the Emperor used to pray to his ancestors. Zhongshan Park to
the west of Tian’anmen is where they prayed to the Harvest God.
There is the Temple of Heaven in the south, the Temple of Earth in the
north, the Temple of Sun in the east, and the Temple of the Moon in
the west. Of these, the Temple of Heaven is by far the finest, most
magnificent representation of ancient Chinese architecture. The
Temple draws huge crowds of visitors each day, and renowned tourists
attractions include: the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest (Qiniandian),
the Imperial Vault of Heaven (Huangqiongyu) and those famous Echo
Walls around the Vault.
The Summer Palace is located in the north-western suburbs of
Beijing, around 19 kilometers from the city center, and is the best
preserved Qing dynasty royal garden and palace in China. Built in
1764, the Summer Palace (Yiheyuan-Garden of Peace and Harmony)
which was named originally as Qingyiyuan (Garden of Clear Ripples),
occupies 290 hectares. It is divided into three areas: palace, front hill
and lake, rear hill and lake; and this tribute to the extravagant
imperial lifestyle encompasses over three thousand halls, pavilions,
at fo ur s ides o f t he c it y wa lls. W u me n (Me rid ia n Gate) in t he so ut h
and She nw u me n (Gate o f D ivine M ilitary Ge nius) in t he Nort h are t he
ent ra nce a nd e xit po ints for vis ito rs . The la yo ut o f t he Forb idde n C it y
is based o n a C hinese cos mic d ia gra m o f t he unive rse t hat c learl y
defines t he no rt h-so ut h a nd east-w est axes. W it h its cri mso n wa lls
and go lde n t iles, pa inted p illa rs and sc ulpte d bea ms, t he spectac ular
gra nde ur a nd masterful work ma ns hip o fte n live vis itors e nt hra lled. A
walk a mo ng t he d iffere nt p laces, pavilio ns and ha lls is like a journe y
back in t ime or be ing t ra nsporte d into a differe nt world.
The Te mp le o f Hea ve n is t he world’s largest te mp le for hea ve n-
wors hipp ing. Sit uated to t he so ut h o f t he Forb idde n Pa lace, its area is
a mass ive o f 2.7 mil lio n sq uare mete rs, fo ur t i mes t he size o f t he
Forb idde n Cit y.
China’s e mpero rs were ca lled “ Tia nz i” o r “ So n o f t he Hea ve ns”,
he nce it was t he ir respo ns ib ilit y to pra y to t he go ds in o rder to b less
the nat io n, inc lud ing t hose god s who rep resent Ea rt h, Water,
Agric ult ure, Military, Soc iet y, Re ligio n, Civilia ns a nd t he ancesto rs.
Worshipp ing t he gods was one o f t he Emperor’s maj or func t io ns a nd
the re were re lated act ivit ies a ll-ye ar ro und. Thus, Be ij ing abo unds
wit h t hese arc hitect ura l marve ls, e ach w it h t he ir ow n c haracterist ics.
The workers’ Cult ura l Pa lace to t he east o f Tia n’a nme n Sq ua re was
whe re t he Empe ror used to p ra y to his a ncesto rs. Zho ngs ha n Pa rk t o
the west o f Tia n’an me n is w here the y pra yed t o t he Harvest God.
There is t he Te mp le o f Hea ve n in t he sout h, t he Te mp le o f Eart h in t he
no rt h, t he Te mp le o f Sun in t he ea st, and t he Te mp le o f t he Moo n i n
the west. O f t hese, t he Te mp le o f Hea ve n is b y far t he finest, most
ma gnifice nt represe ntat io n o f a ncie nt C hinese architect ure. The
Te mp le draws huge crowds o f vis it ors each da y, and re now ned to urists
attract io ns inc lude : t he Ha ll o f Pra yer fo r Good Ha rvest (Q inia nd ia n),
the Impe ria l Va ult o f Hea ve n (Hua ngq io ngyu) a nd t hose fa mo us Ec ho
Walls aro und t he Vault.
The Su mmer Pa lace is located in the no rt h-western s ub urbs o f
Be ij ing, aro und 1 9 k ilo mete rs fro m t he c it y center, a nd is t he best
preserved Q ing d ynast y ro ya l ga rd en a nd pa lace in C hina. Built i n
1764, t he Summe r Pa lace (Y ihe yuan-Garde n o f Peace a nd Harmo ny)
whic h was na med origina lly as Q in gyiyua n (Garde n o f C lea r R ipp les),
occup ies 29 0 hectares. It is d ivide d into t hree areas : pa lace, fro nt hill
and lake, rear hill a nd lake; a nd t his t rib ute to t he e xtra va ga nt
i mperia l lifest yle e nc o mpasses over t hree t ho usa nd ha lls, pa vilio ns,
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