Традиции, обычаи и праздники Китая (Traditions, Customs and Festivals of China). Сухомлинова С.И - 94 стр.

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rich history, Beijing ranks as one of the China’s best-known cultural
and historical cities. Here you’ll find numerous heritage cities and
wonderful examples of ancient architecture, including those already on
the World Heritage List: the world-famous Great Wall, China’s
Museum of Gardens – the Summer Palace, the world largest temple to
pay respects to the heavens, the Temple of Heaven, and the Forbidden
City Palace.
The Great Wall of China is one of the “Seven Wonders of the
World”, as well as a grant feat of architecture and defense. In 1987, it
became listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Over two
thousand years have passed since the construction of the Great Wall
began. Starting at Shnhaiguan (Shanhai Pass) near the Bohai Sea in
China’s east, the provinces and autonomous regions it passes included
Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, and Ningxia, extending to
Jiayuguan of western China’s Gansu province. The entire length of
over 6,000 kilometers (over 12,000 li, each li is half a kilometer)
stretches over undulating mountain ranges and an endless desert.
The Great Wall was instrumental in protecting northern China
from the attack of nomads, and at the same time, it lessened the
destructive forces of wind and sand from the north.
The Great Wall is seen as a symbol of the Chinese people’s
intelligence, tenacity and industriousness. It also belongs to the world
as an individual part of heritage. Overseas visitors often put the Great
Wall at the top of their must-see list. “You are not a hero unless
you’ve been to the Great Wall” has become a well known motto among
travelers. By climbing the grand structure, they too experience the
history and magnificence of the Wall.
The Beijing Gugong (Imperial Palace) Museum is situated in the
center of Beijing. It is a treasure trove of architecture, artifacts and
history and also has gained World Heritage List status by the
UNESCO in 1987. Gugong Museum is also called the Purple
Forbidden City. After his ascension, Zhu Di, the third emperor of the
Ming Dynasty, decided to move the national capital to Beijing and
build this palace. The palace was completed in 1420, the 18th
year of
the Yongle period during the Ming Dynasty. From then until the 1911
Xinhai Revolution, which saw the overthrow of China’s ruling Qing
Dynasty, a total of 24 emperors resided and ruled here.
The 780,000 square meter Forbidden Palace is surrounded by
walls ten-meters high and a moat 52 meters wide, and there are gates 
ric h histo ry, Be ij ing ra nks as o ne o f t he C hina’s best-k now n c ult ura l
and his torica l c it ies. Here yo u’ll find nu mero us he rita ge c it ies a nd
wonderful e xa mp les o f a nc ie nt arc hitect ure, inc lud ing t hose alread y o n
the W orld Herita ge List : t he w orld-fa mo us G reat Wa ll, C hina’s
Muse um o f Garde ns – t he Su mme r Pa lace, the wo rld la rgest te mp le to
pay respects to t he hea ve ns, t he Te mp le o f Hea ve n, a nd t he Forb idde n
Cit y Pa lace.
       The Great Wa ll o f C hina is o ne o f t he “ Seve n Wo nders o f t he
World”, as well as a gra nt feat o f a rchitect ure a nd de fe nse. In 1 987, it
beca me liste d o n t he UNESCO World He rita ge List.                    O ver t wo
tho usand years ha ve passed s ince t he co nst ruct io n o f t he Great Wa l l
bega n. Start ing at Shnha igua n (Shanha i Pass) near t he Bo ha i Sea in
China’s east, the pro vinces and a ut ono mo us re gio ns it passes inc luded
Hebe i, Sha nxi, Inner Mo ngo lia, Shaa nxi, a nd N ingxia, exte nd ing to
Jia yugua n o f western C hina’s Ga nsu p ro vince. The e nt ire le ngt h o f
ove r 6,000 k ilo meters (o ver 12,00 0 li, eac h li is ha lf a k ilo meter)
stretches o ver und ulat ing mo unta in ranges and a n end less desert.
       The Great Wa ll was inst rume nta l in pro tect ing nort he rn C hina
fro m t he at tack o f no ma ds, and at the sa me t i me, it lesse ned t he
destruct ive forces o f w ind a nd sand fro m t he no rt h.
       The Great Wa ll is see n as a sy mbo l o f t he C hinese peop le’s
inte llige nce, te nac it y a nd ind ustrio usness. It also be lo ngs to t he wo rld
as an ind ivid ua l pa rt o f herita ge. O verseas vis ito rs o fte n p ut t he G reat
Wall at t he top o f t he ir mus t-see lis t. “ You are not a he ro unless
yo u’ ve bee n t o t he G reat Wa ll” has beco me a we ll k no w n mo tto a mo n g
tra ve lers. By cli mb ing t he gra nd struc t ure, t he y too expe rie nce t he
histo ry a nd ma gnifice nce o f t he Wall.
       The Be ij ing G ugo ng (Impe ria l Pa la ce) Muse um is s it uated in t he
center o f Be ij ing. It is a treas ure tro ve o f arc hitect ure, art ifacts and
histo ry a nd a lso has ga ined Wo rld Herita ge Lis t status b y t he
UNESCO in 1987.                G ugo ng M use um is a lso ca lled t he Purp le
Forb idde n C it y. After his ascens io n, Zhu D i, t he t hird e mperor o f t he
Ming D ynast y, dec ided to mo ve the nat io na l cap ita l to Be ij ing a nd
build t his pa lace. The pa lace was co mp leted in 1420, t he 18 t h year o f
the Yo ngle period d uring t he M ing Dynast y. Fro m t he n unt il t he 191 1
Xinha i Re vo lut io n, w hic h saw t he o vert hrow o f C hina’s ruling Q ing
Dynast y, a tota l o f 24 e mpero rs resided and ruled here.
       The 780,000 sq uare meter Fo rb id den Pa lace is surro unded b y
walls te n- meters high a nd a moat 5 2 meters w ide, and t he re are gates


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