Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка. Тивьяева И.В. - 115 стр.

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exciting, important, lucky, proud, regrettable, remarkable. The verbs to assume, to

believe, to imagine, to seem, to think and adjectives certain, eager, likely, possible,

sure are non-factive.

Factiveness as any other type of presupposition is important in the study of

English syntax as a factor influencing the syntactic form of the sentence and

determining the construction’s transformation potential. For example, Complex

Object with the infinitive can be used only after non-factive verbs of mental

activity.

Emotiveness

An emotive predicate expresses a subject emotional attitude of the author

towards what is being said that can be defined as corresponding or non-

corresponding to the speaker’s desires and expectations.

e.g. John knows that Mary got married. John regrets that Mary got married.

Emotive verbs include such verbs as to bother, to regret, to resent, to dislike,

to hate, etc.

Emotive predicates have some syntactic peculiarities that are absent in non-

emotive ones, for example, emotive verbs can be modified by the adverb much

while non-emotive verbs cannot.

So, the notion of presupposition allows systematizing and explaining some

semantic and syntactic peculiarities.

Implication and Inference

Presupposition is not the only type of indirect sentence meaning. Consider

the following example:

e.g. She somehow contrived to pass the exam.

The implied meaning of the sentence is that she passed the exam. However,

it differs from presupposition as it is negation-sensitive. An indirect proposition

inferred from the original utterance and dependent on negation is called

implication.

In mathematical logic, implication is a logical operation joining two

propositions into one by means of the logical connector “if… then”: “if A, then B”