Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка. Тивьяева И.В. - 45 стр.

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e.g. Everything was taken care of.

She could not bear being read to any longer.

He was constantly being laughed at.

It should be noted that some scholars admit the existence of Middle,

Reflexive and Reciprocal voices.

"Middle Voice" - the verbs primarily transitive may develop an intransitive

middle meaning: That adds a lot; The door opened; The book sells easily; The

dress washes well.

"Reflexive Voice": He dressed; He washed - the subject is both the agent

and the recipient of the action at the same time. It is always possible to use a

reflexive pronoun in this case: He washed himself.

"Reciprocal voice”: They met; They kissed - it is always possible to use a

reciprocal pronoun here: They kissed each other.

We cannot, however, speak of different voices, because all these meanings

are not expressed morphologically.

2. The Category of Mood

A great divergence of opinions on the category of mood is caused by the fact

that identical mood forms can express different meanings and different forms can

express similar meanings.

The category of mood expresses the relation of nominative content of the

sentence towards reality. Hence there are two moods – one presenting the action as

real and the other presenting the action as unreal. Real actions are expressed by the

indicative mood and unreal are expressed by the oblique mood.

I go to university. vs. He suggests I (should) go to university.

I am a student again. vs. I wish I were a student again.

As for the imperative mood, traditionally it has been referred to as a separate

mood. However, Prof. Blokh thinks that the imperative is a variety of the

subjunctive. This can be shown by means of equivalent transformations:

Be off! _ I demand that you (should) be off.