Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка. Тивьяева И.В. - 47 стр.

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Subjunctive I and Suppositional are on the periphery of the system. The

former is a remnant of history. It has fallen out of the system and is used in

restricted contexts, such as religious hymns, slogans, etc. The latter is a new

formation that has not entered into the system yet. It is used in specific syntactic

structures, eg., after verbs ‘demand’, ‘suggest’, etc. Another indication that

Subjunctive I and Suppositional are on the periphery of the system is that they are

synonymous and interchangeable in the structure.

To sum up, the category of mood is represented by two oppositions: the

indicative mood and the spective mood. The indicative mood is the basic mood of

the verb. Morphologically it is the most developed system. Semantically, it is a fact

mood; it is the least subjective of all the moods. The spective mood, which

includes the traditional imperative and the subjunctive mood, represents a process

as a non-fact, i.e. as something imaginary, desirable, problematic, contrary to

reality. The imperative variety of the spective mood is morphologically the least

developed mood: it is only expressed by the bare infinitive form.

3. Mood and Modality

A distinction should be made between grammatical mood and semantic

modality. Mood is a matter of grammatical form, modality a matter of meaning.

The main markers of modality in English are the modal auxiliaries can, may, must,

will, shall, together with a few less central ones.

When considering modality it is useful to distinguish between two parts:

the dictum: what is said

the modus: how it is said (that is, the speaker's cognitive, emotive, and/or

volitive attitude about what is said)

For example, a sentence could have the following dictum: It is hot outside.

This dictum could be paired with various of modi, such as the following:

I hope that

it is hot outside.

I doubt that

it is hot outside.

It must

be hot outside.