Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка. Тивьяева И.В. - 46 стр.

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Do be careful with the papers. _ My request is that you (should) be careful

with the papers.

Do as I ask you! _ I insist that you (should) do as I ask you.

As it can be seen, the meaning of the imperative does not much differ from

the meaning of the subjunctive. It expresses a directive which may or may not be

translated into a fact. Thus if we agree with M. Blokh, we shall have only two

moods – the indicative and the non-indicative, or spective.

Speaking of the system of oblique moods, linguists distinguish various

semantic varieties: Subjunctive I, Subjunctive II, Conditional, Suppositional.

Subjunctive I So be it. Long live the Queen.

Subjunctive II If I had / had had time

Conditional I would go / would have gone there

Suppositional I demand that he should be present

These moods are distinguished on the basis of meaning which is coloured by

the linguistic environment of the forms, i.e. these are ‘modal’ varieties of the

subjunctive mood.

Subjunctive II and Conditional are used in a conditional period. They have

two forms – either homonymous to Past Indefinite and Future-in-the-Past, or to

Past Perfect and Future-Perfect-in-the-Past.

Prof. Khlebnikova analyzed the morphological system of the English verb

on the basis of oppositions. She paid proper attention to the fact that all these forms

are united by one meaning – that of unreality. Since the meaning is one, but forms

are different, she made the conclusion that there is only one oblique mood

presented by two subtypes.

Subjunctive II and Conditional are more important than the other two

because they are indispensable and sufficient in the system, that is, one cannot do

without them, but can easily do without the other two. Subjunctive II and

Conditional express the same meaning and don’t exist independently, so they can

be united into one mood. Prof. Khlebnikova called this mood Conjunctive.