Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка. Тивьяева И.В. - 66 стр.

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c) intensify the meaning of the process (e.g. to end – to end up; to finish – to

finish up (off); to cut – to cut off; to talk – to talk away);

d) lose its lexical meaning and form an integral whole, a set expression (e.g.

to fall out ‘to quarrel’; to give in ‘to surrender’; to come off ‘to take place’; to

leave off ‘to stop’; to boil down ‘to be reduced in quantity’).

These combinations have been treated by different scholars in different

ways. Some scholars have treated the second element as a variety of adverbs, as

preposition-like adverbs (A. Smirnitsky, 1959, 376), as a special kind of adverb

called adverbial postpositon (I. E. Anichkov, 1947), as postverbial particles (L.

Kivimдgi et al., 1968: 35), as a special kind of form-word called postpositive (N.

N. Amosova, 1963: 134), a postfix or postpositive affix (Y. Zhluktenko, 1954), a

separate part of speech called postposition (B.A. Ilyish, 1948: 243 – 5). As for B.

Ilyish, he later (1971:148) changed his view arguing that, since the second element

does not indicate the circumstances in which the process takes place, the whole

construction is a phraseological unit: the whole has a meaning different from the

meanings of the components. According to M. Blokh, these elements form a

special functional set of particles based on their functional character. He suggests

the term “post-positives”.

The great variety of interpretations shows the complexity of the problem.

Apparently, the problem requires further research.

Syntactic features. Adverbs are characterized by combinability with verbs,

adjectives and words of adverbial nature. The adverb performs the function of an

adverbial modifier.