Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка. Тивьяева И.В. - 67 стр.

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Lecture 9

Functional Parts of Speech

1. A general outline of functional parts of speech.

2. The preposition.

3. The conjunction.

4. The particle.

5. The interjection.

6. The modal word.

1. A General Outline of Functional Parts of Speech

According to the criteria of form, meaning and function, all words are

divided into notional and functional, which reflects their division in the earlier

grammatical tradition into changeable and unchangeable.

Functional words are characterized by incomplete nominative meaning, they

are non-self-dependent and they perform mediatory functions in the sentence.

On the principle of "generalized form" only unchangeable words are

traditionally treated under the heading of functional parts of speech. As for their

individual forms as such, they are simply presented by the list, since the number of

these words is limited, so that they don’t need to be identified on any general

scheme.

To the basic functional series of words in English belong the article, the

preposition, the conjunction, the particle, the modal word, the interjection.

2. The Preposition

It is common knowledge that prepositions are a most important element of

the structure of many languages, particularly those which, like Modern English,

have no developed case system in their nominal parts of speech. Prepositions in

English are less closely connected with the word or phrase they introduce than,

say, in Russian. This greater independence of English prepositions manifests itself

in various ways.

Semantic features