Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка. Тивьяева И.В. - 93 стр.

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as non-expanded and the sentence the structure of which is restricted by

components determined by the structural scheme as an expanded sentence.

Expansion of an elementary sentence is a result of work of syntactic

processes. The basic syntactic processes

include: expansion, complication,

development, adjunction and inclusion.

Expansion (расширение) consists in adding of some syntactic units to

another unit. The added elements have the same syntactic status as the expanded

element. The simplest type of expansion is repetition of some element in a

syntagmatic chain.

e.g. Good, good boy. I walked and walked.

Compression goes together with expansion. A construction is compressed

when some part common for the elements of expansion remains unexpanded.

e.g. I was about to spit into his face, slam the door behind me and walk

away.

Elements of expansion can be connected by relations of two different types:

1) additive;

2) specificative.

Addition (аддиция) takes place when each element of expansion relates to

others as both semantically and syntactically independent unit. (e.g. She cried

bitterly and with despair.)

Specification (спецификация) can be observed when one syntactic unit

semantically develops the other, makes it more specific. (e.g. I’ll give you a call

tomorrow, after 5 p.m.)

Specificatively related units are connected both semantically and

syntactically not only with the head word but also with the preceding element of

specification.

Complication is a syntactic process that consists in transforming the

structure of a syntactic unit from simple to complex. The complicacy of structure

presupposes a mutual syntactic dependence of the unit’s constituents.

e.g. She cried. She began to cry.