Аналитическая геометрия и линейная алгебра. Умнов А.Е. - 125 стр.

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                       ( L∗ ) 2 = ( x2∗ − x1∗ ) 2 + ( y2∗ − y1∗ ) 2 =
                               = ( ( x2 − x1 ) cosϕ # ( y2 − y1 ) sin ϕ ) 2 + ( ( x2 − x1 ) sin ϕ ± ( y2 − y1 ) cosϕ ) 2 =
                               = ( x2 − x1 ) 2 cos2 ϕ # 2( x2 − x1 )( y2 − y1 ) cosϕ sin ϕ + ( y2 − y1 ) 2 sin 2 ϕ +                        
                               + ( x2 − x1 ) sin ϕ ± 2( x2 − x1 )( y2 − y1 ) sin ϕ cosϕ + ( y2 − y1 ) cos ϕ =
                                               2      2                                                                  2     2


                               = ( x2 − x1 ) 2 + ( y2 − y1 ) 2 = L2          .
                   
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