Английский для бакалавров. Валиулина Т.Н - 66 стр.

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66
Schooling is voluntary under the age of five, but there is some free
nursery school education before that age. Primary education takes place in infant
schools for pupils aged from five to seven and junior schools from eight to
eleven . Some areas have a different system in which middle schools replace
junior schools and take pupils aged from nine to twelve. Secondary education
has been available in Britain since 1944. It is compulsory up to the age of
sixteen, and pupils can stay at school voluntarily for up to three years longer.
Until 1964 children took an “eleven plus” exam at the age of eleven. At
this exam they were selected, or “streamed” according to their current level of
academic attainment, for training in different types of secondary schools.
Grammar schools provided a mainly academic course for the top 20 percent;
modern schools provided general education with a practical bias.
In 1965 non-selective comprehensive schools were introduced. Most local
education authorities have now completely changed over to comprehensive
schooling.
At the age of sixteen pupils take school-leaving examinations in several
subjects at the Ordinary level. The exam was conducted by eight independent
examining boards, most of them connected with the university. This exam was
called the General Certificate of Education. Pupils of comprehensive school had
taken the examination called the Certificate of Secondary Education either with
or instead of the General Certificate of Education, Ordinary level.
The examination for the General Certificate of Education of Advanced
(“A”) level was taken two years after the Ordinary level exam. It was the
standard for entrance to University and to many forms of professional training.
In 1988 both examinations were replaced by the more or less uniform General
Certificate of Secondary Education.
The private sector is running parallel to the state system of education.
There are about 2500 fee-charging independent schools in Great Britain. Most
private schools are single-sex until the age of 16. More and more parents seem
prepared to take on the formidable extra cost for education. The reason is the
belief that social advantages are gained from attending a certain school. The
most expensive day or boarding schools in Britain are exclusive public schools
like Eton college for boys or St. James’ school for girls.
Vocabulary
full range of free educational facilities широкий спектр бесплатных образо-
вательных учреждений
prescribed curriculum обязательная программа
Local Education Authority местный комитет по образованию
publicly-maintained school государственная школа
tuition fee плата за обучение
local rates местные налоги

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