Основы физики и химии полупроводников - 58 стр.

UptoLike

ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɢ
ɞɵɪɨɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵ, ɨɧɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɢ ɬɭ ɠɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ z ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ I
z
= I
nz
+ I
pz
. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ
ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɢ z, ɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ
ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɪɹɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɟɬ ɢɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɧɚ
ɧɢɠɧɟɣ. ɉɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɢ ɡɚɪɹɠɚɸɬɫɹ, ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ E
z
, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɫɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɟɬ
ɩɨɥɟ ɫɢɥɵ Ʌɨɪɟɧɰɚ, ɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ I
z
ɧɟ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɧɭɥɸ.
V
U
H
h
y
x
z
I
L
1
2
3
d
Ɋɢɫ. 34. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɏɨɥɥɚ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ E ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ E
x
ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ
M
, ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ:
tg
M
= E
z
/E
x
= u
H
BB
y
(5.10)
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ u
H
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɯɨɥɥɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ
ɜɢɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɯɨɥɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ u
H
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ u ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɹɯ E
z
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɤɚ J
x
ɢ
ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ B
B
y
:
E
z
= R
H
J
x
BB
y
, (5.11)
ɝɞɟ R
H
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ
ɏɨɥɥɚ.
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ J
x
=
V
E
x
, ɬɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɚ n-ɬɢɩɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ:
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