ВУЗ:
Составители:
Рубрика:
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ R
BCDA
= U
AC
/I
BD
ɞɨ ɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ
'
R
BCDA
(ɪɢɫ. 33), ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɥɥɨɜɫɤɨɣ
ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ u
H
ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ N:
u
H
=
'
R
BCDA
d
V
/B, (5.16)
N = r
V
/eu
H
. (5.17)
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɡɚɪɹɞɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɜ
ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɟ. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ
ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ:
u= AT
-p
, (5.18)
ɝɞɟ A – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, p – ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ,
ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɣ ɨɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɇɚɩɨɦɧɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɢ (4.1), (4.2), ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ +3/2 ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɹɯ ɢ –3/2 ɩɪɢ
ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɯ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ (ɫɦ. ɝɥ. 4.2).
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɡɦɟɪɢɜ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɣɞɹ ɢɡ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɏɨɥɥɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɟɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ, ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɜ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ
ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ p ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ.
5.2.3. ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɨ-ɷ.ɞ.ɫ.
ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
'
Ɍ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ
ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɹɦ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɣ
ɜɢɞ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɨɥɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ, ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɸ. ȿɫɥɢ ɰɟɩɶ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɚ, ɢ ɬɨɤ
ɜ ɧɟɣ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ,
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɬɨɤ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ
ɬɟɪɦɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɠɭɳɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ (ɬɟɪɦɨ-ɷ.ɞ.ɫ.), ɢɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ Ɂɟɟɛɟɤɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
60
