Методические указания по изучению английского языка на 3 курсе заочного факультета. Якушева И.В - 24 стр.

percent of its voting shares it is said to be a Holding Company. This is one way of
building up a large-scale business and it has certain advantages. It takes advan-
tage of specialization within an industry. For example, where in years gone by a
motor-vehicle manufacturer may have found it convenient to allow a specialist
firm to supply him with particular components, a growth in the size of his own
business may make it desirable to bring subsidiary firm within his own direct
control. By purchasing 51 per cent of the voting shares, control can be secured
and the subsidiary company brought within the direct influence of the parent
company.
    The integration may permit the smaller company to preserve its good-will
while sharing in the large-scale benefits, research, marketing and welfare
economies achieved by the parent firm. This is known as vertical integration:
integration from top to "bottom of an industry. These companies are able to
achieve economies of scale, and as such are probably desirable as a contribution
to the general problem of production, which is to secure maximum satisfaction of
"wants" from a minimum input of the world's scarce resources.
    Whether such large groups of companies are socially desirable is a debatable
point. What the Companies Acts attempt to do is to protect the minority share-
holders of such companies. Such shareholders are given rights under the Acts,
which entitle them to appeal to the Board of Trade against unfair treatment. A
Holding Company, in its published accounts, must clearly reveal the extent to
which it controls other companies.
    Урок 4
    Упр. 1. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:
    activities of the economy; non-profit making activities; medical care; natural
monopoly; to provide services.

    Упр. 2. Подберите синонимичные пары из данных ниже слов:
    variable, to require, social, benefit, to supply, to perform,
to operate, different, public, to demand, profit, to provide.

   Упр. 3. Найдите в тексте антонимы к следующим словам:
   natural, nationalized, profitable, likely, economic.

   Упр. 4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на сослагательное
наклонение:


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