Химический анализ почв. Валовой анализ органической и минеральной частей почвы. Йонко О.А. - 28 стр.

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ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɢɥɢ
ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɟ:
0
1
100 (1/ 2 )
%,
1000
K
ɚɥ ɚɥ
V ɧ VV M Ca
ɋɚ
VVm
uu u u u
uuu
ɝɞɟ V – ɨɛɴɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ KMnO
4
, ɩɨɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɦɥ;
ɧ – ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ KMnO
4
, ɦɦɨɥɶ/ɦɥ;
V
K
– ɨɛɴɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɨɜ, ɦɥ;
V
0
–ɨɛɴɟɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Si, ɦɥ;
V
ɚɥ1
– ɚɥɢɤɜɨɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɚ, ɦɥ;
V
ɚɥ
– ɚɥɢɤɜɨɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ R
2
O
3
, ɦɥ;
Ɇ(1/2 ɋɚ)/1000 – ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ, ɝ/ɦɦɨɥɶ;
m – ɦɚɫɫɚ ɧɚɜɟɫɤɢ, ɝ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ:
0
1
100 (1/ 2 )
%,
1000
K
ɚɥ ɚɥ
V ɧ VV M CaO
ɋɚɈ
VVm
uu u u
uuu
ɝɞɟ Ɇ(1/2 ɋɚɈ)/1000 – ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ,
ɝ/ɦɦɨɥɶ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ
Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ, ɦɥ KMnO
4
ɉɨɱ-
ɜɚ
Ƚɥɭ-
ɛɢɧɚ,
ɫɦ
ɇɚɜɟɫ-
ɤɚ ɫɭ-
ɯɨɣ
ɩɨɱɜɵ,
ɝ
ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɨɬɞɟ-
ɥɟɧɢɹ
Si, V
0
ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɨɬɞɟ-
ɥɟɧɢɹ
R
2
O
3
,
V
K
Ⱥɥɢɤ
ɜɨɬɚ,
ɩɨɫɥɟ
R
2
O
3
,
V
ɚɥ
Ⱥɥɢɤ
ɜɨɬɚ,
ɞɥɹ
ɨɩɪɟ-
ɞɟɥɟ-
ɧɢɹ
V
ɚɥ
Ɉɛɴɟɦ
ɩɨɲɟɞ-
ɲɢɣ ɧɚ
ɬɢɬ-
ɪɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɟ V,
ɦɥ
M
ɋɚ,
%
ɋɚɈ,
%
Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜɵ. 1. 10 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɋɇ
3
ɋɈɈɇ: 97 ɦɥ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ 500 ɦɥ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɞɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɞɨ 1000
ɦɥ ɜɨɞɨɣ.
2. 4 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ (NH
4
)
2
C
2
O
4
×H
2
O: 4,0 ɝ (NH
4
)
2
C
2
O
4
×H
2
O ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɜ 50
ɦɥ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɞɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɨ 100 ɦɥ.
3. 1 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ AgNO
3
(ɛɟɡ HNO
3
): 1 ɝ AgNO
3
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɜ 100 ɦɥ
ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ.
4. 5 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ H
2
SO
4
: 29,3 ɦɥ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ 500 ɦɥ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɞɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɞɨ 1 ɥ ɜɨɞɨɣ.
5. 0,05 ɧ ɬɢɬɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ KMnO
4
(ɝɨɬɨɜɹɬ ɢɡ ɮɢɤɫɚɧɚɥɚ ɡɚ ɞɟɧɶ
ɞɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ) 0,1 ɦɨɥɶ (ɷɤɜ) KMnO
4
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɹɬ ɜ ɤɨɥɛɭ ɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ 2 ɥ.
ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɆȺȽɇɂə ɈȻɔȿɆɇɕɆ ɉɂɊɈɎɈɋɎȺɌɇɕɆ
ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ
Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɣɧɨ-
ɦɚɝɧɢɟɜɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ:
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