Химический анализ почв. Валовой анализ органической и минеральной частей почвы. Йонко О.А. - 31 стр.

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ɝɞɟ 0,0203 (1/2 MgO) – ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ,
ɝ/ɦɦɨɥɶ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ
Ʉɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɓɟɥɨɱɶ Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚ,
ɦɥ
ɉɨɱɜɚ,
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ,
ɫɦ
ɇɚɜɟɫɤɚ
ɫɭɯɨɣ
ɩɨɱɜɵ,
ɝ
Ɉɛɴɟɦ,
ɦɥ V
Ɇ Ɉɛɴɟɦ,
ɦɥ V
1
Ɇ
1
Ɉɛɳɢ
ɣ, ɦɥ
V
0
ȼɡɹɬɵɣ
ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚ-
ɥɢɡɚ, ɦɥ
V
ɚɥ
Mg,
%
MgO,
%
Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜɵ. 1. 10 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ HCI: ɜ ɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɤɨɥɛɭ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ 1 ɥ
ɩɪɢɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɜɧɨɫɹɬ 236,4 ɦɥ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɞɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɨ ɦɟɬɤɢ.
2. 10 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ NH
4
OH (ɫɦ. ɫɬɪ. 21).
3. 10 % Na
2
HPO
4
: 10 ɝ Na
2
HPO
4
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɜ 100 ɦɥ
ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ.
4. 25 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ NH
4
OH.
5. 2,5 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ NH
4
OH: 100 ɦɥ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ NH
4
OH
ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ 900 ɦɥ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ.
6. 1 % ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ AgNO
3
.
7. HNO
3
(ɩɥ. 1,4).
8. 0,1 ɧ. ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ HCI ɢɥɢ H
2
SO
4
ɝɨɬɨɜɹɬ ɢɡ ɮɢɤɫɚɧɚɥɚ.
9. 0,1 ɧ. ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ NaOH ɢɥɢ ɄɈɇ 0,4 ɝ NaOH ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɜ ɦɟɪɧɨɣ
ɤɨɥɛɟ ɜ 40–50 ɦɥ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɞɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɞɨ 100 ɦɥ
ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ. Ɇɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ
ɦɦɨɥɶ/ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨ 0,1 ɧ ɮɢɤɫɚɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɭ HCI
ɢɥɢ H
2
SO
4
. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɪɭɬ 10 ɦɥ
ɮɢɤɫɚɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ H
2
SO
4
(0,1 ɧ), ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ 2–3 ɤɚɩɥɢ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ
Ƚɪɨɚɤɚ ɢ ɬɢɬɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ NaOH ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɨ-
ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɜ ɡɟɥɟɧɭɸ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɦɨɥɶ/ɦɥ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ (Ɇ
1
) ɜɟɞɭɬ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
01
1
2
.
MV
M
V
u
ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɆȺɊȽȺɇɐȺ ɉȿɊɆȺɇȽȺɇȺɌɇɕɆ
ɎɈɌɈɆȿɌɊɂɑȿɋɄɂɆ ɆȿɌɈȾɈɆ
(ɉȿɊɋɍɅɖɎȺɌɇɕɃ ȼȺɊɂȺɇɌ)
ɉɟɪɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ
(ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ) ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɬ Mn
2+
ɞɨ MnO
4
-
:
2Mn
2+
+5S
2
O
8
2-
+8H
2
Oĺ2MnO
4
-
+10SO
4
2-
+16H
+
,
ɬ. ɟ. Mn
2+
-5eĺMn
7+
.
31

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