Architecture. Зайцева И.В. - 10 стр.

      1.5.3 Answer the following questions:

1) What are the architect's functions?
2) What specialists help the architect to design structures?
3) What is town planning?
4) Why is urban design a cooperative process?
5) What street patterns are there in urbanism?
6) What specialists take part in town design?
7) How is the architect's sphere of knowledge expanding at present?
8) What is the main problem facing the architect today?

      1.5.4 Speak on the topic: "I've chosen architecture as a career because…"

Highlight at least 5 points which make profession so attractive.

       1.6 Read the text using a dictionary. Give your reason that architect must
possess the knowledge in different sciences

                                         Text 1C

                                Architectural Planning

       The architect usually begins to work when the site type and cost of a building
have been determined.
       Planning the environment. The natural environment is at once hindrance and a
help, and the architect seeks both to invite its aid and to repel its attacks. To make
building habitable and comfortable, he must control the effects of heat, cold, light, air,
moisture, and dryness and foresee destructive potentialities such as fire, earthquake,
flood, and disease.
       The placement and form of buildings in relation to their sites, the distribution of
spaces within buildings, and other planning devices discussed below are fundamental
elements in the aesthetics of architecture.
       Orientation. The arrangement of the axes of buildings and their parts is a device
for controlling the effects of sun, wind, and rainfall.
       Within buildings, the axis and placement of each space determine the amount of
sun it receives. Orientation may control air for circulation and reduce the disadvantages
of wind, rain, and snow.
       The characteristics of the immediate environment also influence orientation:
trees, land formation, and other buildings create shade and reduce or intensify wind,
while bodies of water produce moisture and reflect the sun.
       Architectural forms. Planning may control the environment by the design of
architectural forms that may modify the effect of natural forces.
       Colour. Colour has a practical planning function as well as expressive quality
because of the range of its reflection and its absorption of solar rays. Since light colour
reflect heat and dark colours adsorb it, the choice of materials and is an pigments is an
effective tool of environmental control.