Architecture. Зайцева И.В. - 9 стр.

       Town planning or urbanism is the preparation of plans for the regulated growth
and improvement of towns or the organization of land and buildings for group living. It
is a cooperative process in which architects, economists, engineers, lawyers, landscape
architects, doctors, sociologists, surveyors or topographers and other specialists take
part.
       In town planning there are different street patterns : gridiron, radial, ring and
functional ( or organic).
       According to the International Union of Architect (IUA or UIA) at present there
are more than 800.000 fully qualified architects in the world. In the highly developing
countries there is one architect per two or three thousand people. In the developer
countries there is only one architect per 500,000 or 1,000,000 people.
       The architect's sphere of knowledge is constantly expanding. He has to combine
art, advanced technology, science and economics in his work. The structure an architect
creates should give us pleasure, sense of beauty.
       The main problem facing the architect today is to avoid any conflict with nature
and landmarks of by-gone days.

       1.5 Exercises to the text
       1.5.1 Complete the following sentences using the words given below:

1) According to August Perret the architect… order in the … variety of nature.
2) The architect is an expert experienced in the… of all aspects of the… of buildings.
3) The architect uses the cumulative … of centuries.
4) The architect should consult many experts such as structural engineers, services
engineers, and other … specialists.
5) City planners … town and regulate their … .
6) There are different street … such as radial, ring or circular, functional and … .

sub-contracted; improve; gridiron; creates; patterns; growth; construction; supervision;
knowledge; picturesque

      1.5.2 Replace the words and word combinations in italics (A) by their
contextual synonyms (B):

A 1) The architect is a person who designs buildings.
 2) Town planning is the preparation of plans for the regulated growth and
 improvement of towns.
 3) City design is the organization of land and buildings for group living.
 4) The main problem for the architect today is to avoid any conflict with nature
   and the landmarks of by-gone days.
 5) The architect uses the cumulative knowledge of centuries.

B man; schemes; nowadays; structures; environment; collective; urbanism; city;
territory; design; development; basic; elaboration; modernization; old centuries;
concern; architectural monuments