Architecture. Зайцева И.В. - 46 стр.

               4.4.3 Ask your partner the following questions:

        1) When does the system of strongholds date back?
        2) When did the construction of feudal castles begin?
        3) Why did the architecture flourished after the Norman conquest
           become also churchbuilding?
        4) Where was Gothic architecture introduced from?
        5) What kind of style was Gothic?
        6) What periods of English Gothic do art historians usually
           distinguish?
        7) What are the major monuments of Gothic architecture in England?

               4.5 Read the text to find answers to the questions

                                            Text 4 C

                                      English Renaissance

           1) What are the main features of the 16th century?
         The 16th century was the time when under the influence of radical
changes in the basis of the English society, i.e. in the production of material
values and in human relations in the process of production, in other words,
with the advent of capitalism, radical changes occurred in the spiritual life of
the newly-arising nation and its new-born culture that was taking an
unmistakably national shape. The process can be referred to as English
Renaissance.
           2) How did Renaissance change in England?
         Renaissance, the epoch of Humanism and the Revival of Learning,
born and nursed in Italy, after revolutionizing the culture and science of Italy
and the whole Western world, finally penetrated the insular detachment of
England and came softened by the distance with less shock to bring new
learning, new religious issues and new art. The human being, the beauty and
the joy of this life were now the center of attention.
           3) What are the main phases of English Renaissance?
         In England one easily distinguishes three main phases of the process:
the early phase of the end of the 15th and the first half of the 16th c. and the
later phase coinciding with the reign of queen Elizabeth and the life-span of
Shakespeare’s death and to the beginning of the puritan revolution was the
time marked by a decline of the Renaissance and crisis of Humanism.
           4) What are the finest examples of English Renaissance?
         The earlier Tudor period was a time of transition from late medieval to
Renaissance culture. The new architecture imported from Italy had little in
common with the Gothic pointed type. With the revival of classical interest in
all of the art there came a tendency to return to the ancient models in building.
It was only early in the 16th c. that the influence of the Italian Renaissance
architecture was really felt in England in the pure classical lines of Inigo
Jones (the Whitehall palace is an example) and in the prodigious fertility,