Functional Styles. Афанасьева Н.Р - 8 стр.

UNIT 3




                                                                                                                                   Function
                                                                                                                                                                                            Features




                                                                                         undertaking and reaching agreement between them
THE STYLE OF OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS                                                                                                                 • use of words in logical dictionary meaning special




                                                                                            stating conditions binding two parties in an
                                                                                                                                                system of cliches, terms, set expressions
      This style is not homogeneous and is represented by four major                                                                            • use of terminological nomenclature
substyles. The scheme below (illustrated by sample texts) graphically                                                                           • no emotive words retaining their original meaning
shows what variants it consists of:                                                                                                             • special obligatory forms of address, opening and
                      The Style of Official Documents                                                                                           concluding
                                                                                                                                                • encoded character of language: use of abbrevia-
Legal Documents                                         Business Documents                                                                      tions (M.P.) and conventional symbols ($)
       Documents of Diplomacy                  Military Documents                                                                               • non-flexible compositional design
                                                                                                                                                • fixed paragraphing
                                  Invoice to:                                                                                                   • restricted choice of syntactical patterns
                                            SMITH & JONES LTD                                                                                   • grammar and punctuation depending on the pattern
         This is the last will
     and testament…                                                                                                                             (combining several pronouncements into one sen-
                                  Quantity Description                                                                                          tence)
  3 March, 1918:                  1. Cleaning and                 £750
  The Peace Treaty                   painting two rooms
  of Brest-Litovsk
  Article I. Germany, Aus-         From Laws of War: General Orders No. 100
                                                                                                             PRACTICE
  tria-Hungary,     Bulgaria,          INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE
  and Turkey, for the one           GOVERNMENT OF ARMIES OF THE
  part, and Russia, for the
                                                                                       1. As you can see from the chart above, the communicative function
                                     UNITED STATES IN THE FIELD
  other part, declare that                                                                of any official document is to define the conditions of the rela-
  the state of war between         Prepared by Francis Lieber, promulgated by             tions between two or more parties. Scan the following text and say
  them has ceased. They                       President Lincoln, 24 April 1863.
                                                                                          which parties are in question here.
  are resolved to live hence-      SECTION III
  forth in peace and amity
                                    Deserters - Prisoners of war - Hostages -
  with one another.                                                                                                                           THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED
                                           Booty on the battle-field.
  Article II. The contract-
  ing parties will refrain         Art. 48. Deserters from the American Army,                                                                                STATES
  from any agitation or            having entered the service of the enemy,
  propaganda against the           suffer death if they fall again into the hands of          We the People of the United States, in Order to form a
  Government and                   the United States, whether by capture, or
                                   being delivered up to the American Army;            more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquil-
The Style of Official Documents    and if a deserter from the enemy, having            ity, provide for the common defense, promote the general Wel-
                                   taken service in the Army of the United             fare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our
                                   States, is captured by the enemy, and pun-
                                   ished by them with death                            Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United
                                                                                       States of America.

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