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complex mathematical problems involved in such construction projects. Computers
do this work quickly by breaking the design down into a limited number of
precalculated elements.
Before construction begins, engineers determine the strength of the soils that will
lie underneath the new building. With this information, they can design the proper
foundation. After the building site is cleared, levelled and drained of water,
excavation (digging) begins. Mobile diggers usually excavate the foundation.
Ground made of rock may be excavated by blasting.
After the excavation is finished, the footings (base) and the superstructure are
built. Most steel used in the superstructure, such as beams, girders, and columns,
comes prefabricated. Each piece of steel should have a number indicating the exact
place where it should be used. When the steel is raised into place, workers fasten the
pieces together temporarily with bolts. Later, welders and riveters join these pieces
together permanently.
Many kinds of cranes and derricks are used in the construction of skyscrapers. The
two main kinds are mobile cranes and tower cranes. Mobile cranes are mounted on
trucks or specia vehicles and can manoeuvre around the outside of the building to
hoist materials and equipment from various locations. Tower cranes are supported on
a steel tower erected next to or inside a building's framework.
After workers complete the superstructure and outside walls, the building is ready
to be finished, decorated and furnished.
30
complex mathematical problems involved in such construction projects. Computers
do this work quickly by breaking the design down into a limited number of
precalculated elements.
Before construction begins, engineers determine the strength of the soils that will
lie underneath the new building. With this information, they can design the proper
foundation. After the building site is cleared, levelled and drained of water,
excavation (digging) begins. Mobile diggers usually excavate the foundation.
Ground made of rock may be excavated by blasting.
After the excavation is finished, the footings (base) and the superstructure are
built. Most steel used in the superstructure, such as beams, girders, and columns,
comes prefabricated. Each piece of steel should have a number indicating the exact
place where it should be used. When the steel is raised into place, workers fasten the
pieces together temporarily with bolts. Later, welders and riveters join these pieces
together permanently.
Many kinds of cranes and derricks are used in the construction of skyscrapers. The
two main kinds are mobile cranes and tower cranes. Mobile cranes are mounted on
trucks or specia vehicles and can manoeuvre around the outside of the building to
hoist materials and equipment from various locations. Tower cranes are supported on
a steel tower erected next to or inside a building's framework.
After workers complete the superstructure and outside walls, the building is ready
to be finished, decorated and furnished.
30
