Computer Engineering (English for Special Purposes). Андриенко А.С. - 25 стр.

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examination papers.
One possibility is to use the expression oral (examination) or viva,
as in the case of theses
but this has various disadvantages. Firstly, an
оrаl examination (оr viva) is not conducted like а защита. Secondly,
it is not сlеаr how to specify the idea of а first degree.
Graduation/final oral
(examination) оr viva is possiblе, but this does
not suggest the discussion of а dissertation ог рарег. Moreover, it
would be better to keep the expression graduation/final oral
(examination) as а translation of the oral part of the
государственный экзамен
.
There seems to be no good alternative to the literal translation
defense of оnе's dissertation or graduation paper/project. Remember,
however, that this will not be сlеаr to English реорlе without an
explanation. It is better to translate this like passing or presenting the
Diploma project
.
Исследование
- research
The most detailed definition of this word is given by Webster:
"studious inquiry or examination, esp. investigation or experimentation
aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted
theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of
such new or revised, theories or laws."
In higher educational establishments research is often contrasted
with teaching:
e.g. а). The job combines teaching and research.
b). He spent so much time on teaching that there was not
much left for research.
Research
can be translated as исследование (научно-
исследовательская работа, научная работа)
or наука,
depending on the context.
The word research is usually uncountable, as in the examples
given above. А particular investigation is not called a research but а
piece of research (or an investigation/study). Sometimes, however,
research is used countably in the plural.
e.g. а). His researches produced some interesting results.
Research may also be used as а verb:
e.g. b). He is researching into the origin of language, problem of air
pollution.
More often, however, the expressions to do research or to be
engaged in research are used in this sense.
The prepositions on, in and into are used with the noun research,
as follows.
On is used with а more or less specific subject.
e.g. с). I'm doing research on security protection development.
In is used with the field of investigation.
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14) Nuclear Engineering
1. What other branches of engineering is nuclear engineering
connected with?
2. What devices and methods do nuclear engineers develop?
This branch of engineering is concerned with the design and
construction of nuclear reactors and devices, and the in which nuclear
fission
1
may find practical applications, such as the production of
commercial power from the energy generated by nuclear reactions
and the use of nuclear reactors for propulsion and of nuclear radiation
to induce
2
chemical and biological changes. In addition to designing
nuclear reactors to yield
3
specified amounts of power, nuclear
engineers develop the special materials necessary to withstand
4
the
high temperatures and concentrated bombardment of nuclear particles
that accompany nuclear fission and fusion
5
. Nuclear engineers also
develop methods to shield people from the harmful radiation produced
by nuclear reactions and to ensure
6
safe storage and disposal
7
of
fissionable materials.
Vocabulary:
1. fission – расщепление
2. to induce - порождать
3. to yield – вырабатывать
4. to withstand – выдерживать
5. fusion – слияние
6. to ensure - гарантировать
7. disposal – контроль, право распоряжаться
15) Safety Engineering
1. Do you know what safety engineering deals with?
2. Is the branch of safety engineering connected with other
fields of engineering?
This field of engineering has as its object the prevention of
accidents. In recent years safety engineering has become a specialty
adopted by individuals trained in other branches of engineering. Safety
engineers develop methods and procedures to safeguard workers in
hazardous
1
occupations. They also assist in designing machinery,
factories, ships, and roads, suggesting alterations and improvements
to reduce the amount of accidents. In the design of machinery, for
example, the safety engineer seeks to cover all moving parts or keep
them from accidental contact with the operator, to put cutoff switches

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