ВУЗ:
Составители:
Рубрика:
84
this matter is discussed in Section 5. Finally in Section 6
we discuss ...
o) Several techniques have been used to investigate …
3. Make a brief review of related literature:
a) There is a wide body of literature which suggests that ...
b) ... effects have received much attention.
c) There were the limited number of studies conducted on ...
d) The listings of the program may be found in ...
e) Examples are given in ...
f) Extensive field studies were undertaken by the scientists at...
4. Justify the need for your investigation:
a) Thus heat transfer regime has received little attention ...
b) It is therefore important to establish the ...
c) Studies on the ... process have been and still are of the
interest because of the ...
d) In spite of significant recent advancement in the
fundamental understanding of... several important aspects
of the ... still remain controversial.
e) ... investigations have been proved very valuable in ... but
they do not give a complete picture of ... since they
eliminate ...
f) Most of the above investigations concentrated on the
general effects of... and did not look carefully at the ...
g) There is still lack of knowledge of ... Much further
research is needed to understand ...
h) There is still no complete knowledge of ...
i) There are still many gaps in our knowledge of the
problems of ...
j) We still know very little about the origin of ...
III. Speech Patterns for the Body of the Paper
According to this theory...
After this, I need/it remains only to say that ...
Again, I want to emphasize that...
It should be emphasized that ...
It should be pointed out that...
Let me give you my explanation of ...
Let me now turn to ...
Let us consider what happens if ...
Let us have a closer look at ...
Let us imagine that ...
Let us suppose that ...
29
Computers have greatly facilitated
12
the use of feedback in
manufacturing processes. Computers gave rise to the development of
numerically controlled machines. The motions of these machines are
controlled by punched
13
paper or magnetic tapes. In numerically
controlled machining centres machine tools can perform several
different machining operations.
More recently, the introduction of microprocessors and
computers have made possible the development of computer-aided
14
design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD and CAM)
technologies. When using these systems a designer draws a part and
indicates its dimensions
15
with the help of a mouse, light pen, or other
input device. After the drawing has been completed the computer
automatically gives the instructions that direct a machining centre to
machine the part.
Another development using automation are the flexible
manufacturing systems (FMS). A computer in FMS can be used to
monitor and control the operation of the whole factory.
Automation has also had an influence on the areas of the
economy other than manufacturing. Small computers are used in
systems called word processors, which are rapidly becoming a
standard part of the modern office. They are used to edit texts, to type
letters and so on.
Automation in Industry
Many industries are highly automated or use automation
technology in some part of their operation. In communications and
especially in the telephone industry dialing and transmission are all
done automatically. Railways are also controlled by automatic
signaling devices, which have sensors that detect carriages passing a
particular point. In this way the movement and location of trains can be
monitored.
Not all industries require the same degree of automation.
Sales, agriculture, and some service industries are difficult to
automate, though agriculture industry may become more mechanized,
especially in the processing and packaging of foods.
The automation technology in manufacturing and assembly is
widely used in car and other consumer product industries.
Nevertheless, each industry has its own concept of
automation that answers its particular production needs.
Vocabulary:
1. automation — автоматизация
2. previously — ранее
3. sequence — последовательность
Страницы
- « первая
- ‹ предыдущая
- …
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- …
- следующая ›
- последняя »
