История письма и чтения. Асафова Г.К. - 110 стр.

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NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE

Newspaper syndicate is often called Press Syndicate, or Feature Syndicate,

agency that sells to newspapers and other media special writing and artwork, often

written by a noted journalist or eminent authority or drawn by a well-known

cartoonist that cannot be classified as spot coverage of the news. Its fundamental

service is to spread the cost of expensive features among as many newspapers

(subscribers) as possible. Press syndicates sell the exclusive rights to a feature to

one subscriber in each territory, in contrast to the wire news services (see news

agency), which offer their reports to all papers in a given area. Some syndicates

specialize in such entertainment features as comic strips, cartoons, columns of

oddities or humour, and serialized novels. Typical syndicated features are columns

of advice on child rearing, health, running a household, gardening, and such games

as bridge.

Syndicates came into being in the United States at the end of the Civil War.

Individual features, however, had been syndicated as early as 1768 in the Journal

of Occurrences, which was circulated by a group of “Boston patriots.” The

syndicate filled a need among rural or small-town weekly and daily papers for

material that would help them compete with big-city papers. Three syndicates were

in operation in 1865, supplying miscellaneous feature news items and short stories.

In 1870 Tillotson & Son, publishers in Bolton, Eng., began to supply some British

papers with serialized fiction. By 1881 Henry Villard, a reporter for the Associated

Press (AP), had founded his own syndicate in Washington, D.C., and was soon

sending material to the Cincinnati Commercial, the Chicago Tribune, and the New

York Herald. About 1884, Charles A. Dana of the New York Sun formed a

syndicate to sell short stories by Bret Harte and Henry James. Samuel S. McClure

launched a similar venture in the same year. He first offered fiction and secured the

rights to several stories by Rudyard Kipling. He also helped to introduce the stories

of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and others into the United States. The features offered

at that time were mostly literary material and pictures. An important change came