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Syncretic elements: will, shall, have
o syntactic classes:
3.1. Finite Verbs – can only be the Predicate; govern the syntactic and se-
mantic pattern of the sentence;
3.2 . Non-Finite Verbs / Verbals (Infinitive, Gerund, Participle I, Partici-
ple II):
– can’t perform the function of the Predicate on their own;
– can be the Subject, Object, Predicative (Complement), or Attribute.
o morphological classes:
4.1. Regular (‘weak’) verbs;
4.2. Irregular verbs:
– ‘strong’ V. – root vowel interchange takes place (sometimes + suffix -en);
– mixed V. 1) root vowel interchange + suffix –t;
2) past s. + -ed; past part. + -en;
– suppletive forms (formed from different roots);
– unchangeable V.
THE MORPHOLOGICAL CATEGORY OF TENSE OF THE VERB
o the central means in the functional semantic field of Temporality (Time)
o The morphological category of Tense of the Verb.
General
Meaning /
Function
Relates the even
t
(the universa
l
time to the moment
of reference
speech
point)
Forms: the
opposition
of
Present form,
unmarked
Past form,
marked syntheti-
cally
Future form,
marked analyti-
cally
17
Syncretic elements: will, shall, have o syntactic classes: 3.1. Finite Verbs – can only be the Predicate; govern the syntactic and se- mantic pattern of the sentence; 3.2 . Non-Finite Verbs / Verbals (Infinitive, Gerund, Participle I, Partici- ple II): – can’t perform the function of the Predicate on their own; – can be the Subject, Object, Predicative (Complement), or Attribute. o morphological classes: 4.1. Regular (‘weak’) verbs; 4.2. Irregular verbs: – ‘strong’ V. – root vowel interchange takes place (sometimes + suffix -en); – mixed V. 1) root vowel interchange + suffix –t; 2) past s. + -ed; past part. + -en; – suppletive forms (formed from different roots); – unchangeable V. THE MORPHOLOGICAL CATEGORY OF TENSE OF THE VERB o the central means in the functional semantic field of Temporality (Time) o The morphological category of Tense of the Verb. General Relates the event time to the moment speech Meaning / (the universal of reference point) Function Forms: the Present form, Past form, Future form, opposition unmarked marked syntheti- marked analyti- of cally cally 17
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