Theoretical English Grammar. Part 1. Morphology. Бочарова М.В. - 21 стр.

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o Neutralization is most common for privative oppositions as the unmarked,
‘weak’ member has a broader and less specified meaning ĺ contains the
distinctive characteristic(s) common for both marked and unmarked members ĺ
can cover the meaning of both members in certain contextual conditions unless
distributional or other restrictions are imposed.
o Neutralization of the opposition within the category of Tense:
– Present – Future;
– Present – Past.
o Neutralization of the opposition within the category of Aspect:
– Simple of stative verbs (constant, paradigmatic neutralization caused
by the lexical meaning of the verb, an exception);
– Simple of activity verbs.
o Neutralization of the opposition within the category of Correlation:
– Past Simple – Past Perfect;
– Past Simple – Present Perfect of actional verbs;
! But no neutralization:
Past Simple – Present Perfect of activity and state verbs;
– Present Simple of hear, forget.
THE MORPHOLOGICAL CATEGORY OF MOOD OF THE VERB
o the central means in the functional semantic field of Modality.
o Modality is a complex heterogeneous notion. It is analysed differently by
different grammarians.
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o Neutralization is most common for privative oppositions as the unmarked,
‘weak’ member has a broader and less specified meaning � contains the
distinctive characteristic(s) common for both marked and unmarked members �
can cover the meaning of both members in certain contextual conditions unless
distributional or other restrictions are imposed.


o Neutralization of the opposition within the category of Tense:
          – Present – Future;
          – Present – Past.


o Neutralization of the opposition within the category of Aspect:
          – Simple of stative verbs (constant, paradigmatic neutralization caused
          by the lexical meaning of the verb, an exception);
          – Simple of activity verbs.


o Neutralization of the opposition within the category of Correlation:
          – Past Simple – Past Perfect;
          – Past Simple – Present Perfect of actional verbs;
             ! But no neutralization:
             Past Simple – Present Perfect of activity and state verbs;
          – Present Simple of hear, forget.



THE MORPHOLOGICAL CATEGORY OF MOOD OF THE VERB


o the central means in the functional semantic field of Modality.


o Modality is a complex heterogeneous notion. It is analysed differently by
different grammarians.



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