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59
Chubais, who pushes for a pro-Kremlin stance. Gazeta and Kommer-
sant reported Monday that Nemtsov also nominated several other can-
didates for the post, including Deputy Press Minister Vladimir Grigo-
ryev and former deputy NTV head Rafael Akopov. But Kokh won as a
person with not only strong management skills and ties to big business
but a record as an SPS ally, the newspapers said.
«Kokh is a real fighter, an excellent manager and absolutely
right-wing in his ideology», Deputy Duma Speaker Irina Khakamada
said on Ekho Moskvy. Kokh got a chance to showcase his management
skills when, as head of Gazprom-Media in 2001, he wrangled control
of NTV television and its sister companies from Vladimir Gusinsky.
He quit the post in October 2001 when it became clear that Gazprom
would not sell its media assets as earlier promised.
Kokh began his career working with Chubais on privatization
programs in St. Petersburg. He helped oversee the notorious loans-for-
shares auctions of 1995 and 1996 when he worked first as a deputy
state property minister and then state property minister. Disgraced after
the disastrous sale of a stake in Svyazinvest in 1997 and under fire for
allegedly accepting a bribe in the form of an inflated book fee, Kokh
retreated from public life to run the Montes Auri investment fund.
Kokh attempted to win a seat on the Federation Council last year
but withdrew his candidacy after the vote in the Leningrad region's leg-
islative assembly was challenged in court. The challenge was seen as a
sign that he was not in the Kremlin's good graces.
Nikolai Petrov, a political analyst with the Carnegie Moscow
Center, said it was unclear whether Kokh would be able to improve
SPS's electoral chances. He said SPS was seriously wounded by the
defection of Yanbukhtin – a former advertising executive who previ-
ously worked for Fatherland-All Russia and the Communists – and that
he was privy to «many financial secrets» in SPS. Petrov said SPS lead-
ers chose Kokh's political loyalty and management skills over his tar-
nished image, which Kokh «cynically uses to his advantage». «SPS has
enough people on board who are vulnerable to criticism during the
election campaign», Petrov said, referring primarily to Chubais. «Kokh
adds to this burden».
Viktor Peshkov, the Communist Party's campaign manager, said
Monday that Kokh's appointment would not affect the Communists'
60
bid. «We are fighting for completely different electorates», he said by
telephone. «We don't overlap at all ideologically».
It appears that SPS's main struggle will be with Yabloko, which
the Kremlin reportedly favors over SPS, and the liberal wing of United
Russia. Yabloko spokesman Sergei Loktionov said Monday that his
party has not made a final decision on who will run its campaign. Cur-
rently, Duma Deputy Sergei Mitrokhin is in charge of campaign media
affairs, and staffer Daniel Meshcheryakov runs the «field work» with
voters, he said. Kokh said he is on vacation and will start his new job
next Monday.
The Moscow Times, May 6, 2003 (3892 символа)
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One of the most dramatic changes made to the global trade sys-
tem by the Uruguay Round negotiations of the GATT was the estab-
lishment of a new free-standing global commerce agency, the WTO,
with a powerful, binding dispute resolution system replete with tribu-
nals whose rulings are automatically binding unless there is unanimous
consensus by all WTO Members to reject the new interpretation. The
new WTO enforcement system replaced the consensus-based GATT
contract and its dispute resolution system, which was based on diplo-
matic negotiation and which required consensus of the GATT countries
to adopt a ruling by a GATT dispute resolution.
In contrast, the Uruguay Round contained hundreds of pages of
new regulations going beyond tariffs and quotas and instead affecting
domestic standards on matters as diverse as food and product safety to
environmental rules on invasive species and toxics. The Uruguay
Round also brought new economic sectors, such as services, invest-
ment and government procurement, under international commercial
disciples. The expanded coverage of the international commercial rules
newly implicated issue areas loaded with subjective, value-based deci-
sions about the level of health, safety or environmental protection a
society desires or relative social priorities, for instance in designing the
balance between access to medicine for poor consumers and the degree
of protection of intellectual property rights. It sought to apply one-size-
fits-all rules on these issues to the whole world. Uruguay Round rules
extended the realm of commercial rules beyond requiring that domestic
Chubais, who pushes for a pro-Kremlin stance. Gazeta and Kommer- bid. «We are fighting for completely different electorates», he said by
sant reported Monday that Nemtsov also nominated several other can- telephone. «We don't overlap at all ideologically».
didates for the post, including Deputy Press Minister Vladimir Grigo- It appears that SPS's main struggle will be with Yabloko, which
ryev and former deputy NTV head Rafael Akopov. But Kokh won as a the Kremlin reportedly favors over SPS, and the liberal wing of United
person with not only strong management skills and ties to big business Russia. Yabloko spokesman Sergei Loktionov said Monday that his
but a record as an SPS ally, the newspapers said. party has not made a final decision on who will run its campaign. Cur-
«Kokh is a real fighter, an excellent manager and absolutely rently, Duma Deputy Sergei Mitrokhin is in charge of campaign media
right-wing in his ideology», Deputy Duma Speaker Irina Khakamada affairs, and staffer Daniel Meshcheryakov runs the «field work» with
said on Ekho Moskvy. Kokh got a chance to showcase his management voters, he said. Kokh said he is on vacation and will start his new job
skills when, as head of Gazprom-Media in 2001, he wrangled control next Monday.
of NTV television and its sister companies from Vladimir Gusinsky. The Moscow Times, May 6, 2003 (3892 символа)
He quit the post in October 2001 when it became clear that Gazprom
would not sell its media assets as earlier promised. THE WTO AND DEMOCRACY: DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM
Kokh began his career working with Chubais on privatization
One of the most dramatic changes made to the global trade sys-
programs in St. Petersburg. He helped oversee the notorious loans-for-
tem by the Uruguay Round negotiations of the GATT was the estab-
shares auctions of 1995 and 1996 when he worked first as a deputy
lishment of a new free-standing global commerce agency, the WTO,
state property minister and then state property minister. Disgraced after
with a powerful, binding dispute resolution system replete with tribu-
the disastrous sale of a stake in Svyazinvest in 1997 and under fire for
nals whose rulings are automatically binding unless there is unanimous
allegedly accepting a bribe in the form of an inflated book fee, Kokh
consensus by all WTO Members to reject the new interpretation. The
retreated from public life to run the Montes Auri investment fund.
new WTO enforcement system replaced the consensus-based GATT
Kokh attempted to win a seat on the Federation Council last year
contract and its dispute resolution system, which was based on diplo-
but withdrew his candidacy after the vote in the Leningrad region's leg-
matic negotiation and which required consensus of the GATT countries
islative assembly was challenged in court. The challenge was seen as a
to adopt a ruling by a GATT dispute resolution.
sign that he was not in the Kremlin's good graces.
In contrast, the Uruguay Round contained hundreds of pages of
Nikolai Petrov, a political analyst with the Carnegie Moscow
new regulations going beyond tariffs and quotas and instead affecting
Center, said it was unclear whether Kokh would be able to improve
domestic standards on matters as diverse as food and product safety to
SPS's electoral chances. He said SPS was seriously wounded by the
environmental rules on invasive species and toxics. The Uruguay
defection of Yanbukhtin – a former advertising executive who previ-
Round also brought new economic sectors, such as services, invest-
ously worked for Fatherland-All Russia and the Communists – and that
ment and government procurement, under international commercial
he was privy to «many financial secrets» in SPS. Petrov said SPS lead-
disciples. The expanded coverage of the international commercial rules
ers chose Kokh's political loyalty and management skills over his tar-
newly implicated issue areas loaded with subjective, value-based deci-
nished image, which Kokh «cynically uses to his advantage». «SPS has
sions about the level of health, safety or environmental protection a
enough people on board who are vulnerable to criticism during the
society desires or relative social priorities, for instance in designing the
election campaign», Petrov said, referring primarily to Chubais. «Kokh
balance between access to medicine for poor consumers and the degree
adds to this burden».
of protection of intellectual property rights. It sought to apply one-size-
Viktor Peshkov, the Communist Party's campaign manager, said
fits-all rules on these issues to the whole world. Uruguay Round rules
Monday that Kokh's appointment would not affect the Communists'
extended the realm of commercial rules beyond requiring that domestic
59 60
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