Перевод в сфере юриспруденции. Борисова Л.А. - 5 стр.

20) lawsuit;                                t) ������� ���������;
21) law-making body;                        u) ����� �������; ����� �������;
22) lawful age;                             v) ��������� ����� ������;
23) lawful excuse.                          w) ��������������� ���������.

      Task 3. Translate the names of some areas of law.

      Administrative law                         Environmental law
      Business law                               Family law
      Civil law                                  International law
      Constitutional law                         Labour law
      Contract law                               Land law
      Copyright law                              Marriage law
      Criminal law                               Procedural criminal law
      Customs law                                Tax law

      Task 4. Read the text. Explain the meaning of the words in bold. Translate
them into Russian.

       Each country in the world has its own system of law. However, it is
generally true to say that there are two main traditions of the law in the world.
One is based on English Common law, and has been adopted by many
Commonwealth countries and most of the United States. The other tradition,
sometimes known as Continental, or Roman law, has developed in most of
continental Europe, Latin America and many countries in Asia and Africa which
have been strongly influenced by Europe.
       Common law, or case law systems, particularly that of England, differ
from Continental law in having developed regularly throughout history, not as
the result of government attempts to define or codify every legal relation.
Customs and court rulings have been as important as statutes (government
legislation). Judges do not merely apply the law, in some cases they make law,
since their interpretations may become precedents for other courts to follow.
       Common law is based on the doctrine of precedent. If the essential
elements of a case are the same as those of the previous recorded cases, then
the judge is bound to reach the same decision regarding guilt or innocence. If
no precedent can be found, then the judge makes a decision based upon the
existing legal principles, and his decision becomes a precedent for other courts
to follow when a similar case arises. Sometimes governments make new laws-
statutes – modify or clarify the common law, or to make rules where none
existed before. But even statutes often need to be interpreted by the courts in
order to fit particular cases, and these interpretations become new precedents. In
common law systems the law is, thus, found not only in government statutes, but
also in the historical records of cases.
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