Английский язык: Сборник текстов и упражнений для студентов специальностей "Промышленное рыболовство". Дьякова Н.П. - 67 стр.

                         HARVESTING AND PROCESSING

 The fish or invertebrates being reared by an aquaculturist may all be harvested over a
short period of time, or there may be intermittent periods of harvesting throughout the
year to ensure a constant supply of product reaches the market. The channel catfish in-
dustry, for example, used to be based on a system wherein the bulk of the harvesting oc-
cured in the late fall (autumn) when water temperatures became cold and fish growth
was retarded. This meant a glut of fish on the market and consequent low prices to the
producer. Now, the technique employed by catfish farmers is to stock each pond with
several sizes of fish and harvest marketable individuals from a given pond by collecting
them at intervals of several weeks year-round. If the producer has several ponds, harvest-
ing might be a weekly or even daily occurrence. Peaks and valleysin in the availability
of fish in the market are thereby avoided, and the price is much more stable.
Harvesting of ponds is typically accomplished with seine nets. The pond may be par-
tially drained and a seine is pulled through that pond and fish are collected. Raceways
can be harvested by crowding fish into a confined area and dipping them out with
nets, a technique also used for harvesting cages and net-pens.
Following harvest, fish are typically loaded into hauling tanks on trucks. Inverte-
brates may be transported in sacks (oysters and crayfish), in boxes on ice (shrimp), or
in hauling tanks (lobsters, crabs). The animals may be carried considerable distances
to a certain processing plant or they may be processed on the farm.
For fishes, processing may result in a number of forms. For example, channel catfish may
be processed into steaks or fillets, skinned and eviscerated, prebreaded, or rendered into
several other forms. Trout may be stuffed, gutted only head and fins are left on, or pre-
pared in other ways. The product may be shipped to the market alive, on ice or frozen.

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                       AQUACULTURE IN NEW ZEALAND

Aquaculture is the propagation and husbandry of aquatic plants and animals to sup-
plement the natural supply. These activities can occur in both natural waters and in
artificial aquatic impoundments. The aquaculture industry in New Zealand specialises
in high quality products and is a significant export earner for New Zealand. The main
aquaculture activity in New Zealand is the farming of bivalves, in natural waters be-
low high tide mark. The major species farmed are the green lipped or Greenshell
mussel and the Pacific oyster. The main mussel farming areas in the South Island are
located in the Marlborough Sounds and in the Nelson Golden Bay area. Further
south, the main locations are at Stewart Island. In the North Island, mussel farming is
concentrated in the Coromandel area with smaller areas in the Haurki Gulf and at
Houhora Bay in the far north.
The farming method consists of floating longlines from which lines drop carrying
mussels are suspended. Farms are located in sheltered to semi-sheltered areas where

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