Английский язык: Сборник текстов и упражнений. Дьякова Н.П. - 65 стр.

is rapidly developing in the northeastern United States. Salmon net-pen culture
has developed into a major industry in Norway, and Norwegian fishes are being
air freighted to the United States markets where they command a high price.
Spurred by that success, Scotland, Chile and Canada have been actively develop-
ing salmon culture industries.
    Oysters are cultured on inter tidal or sub tidal beds. Larval oysters, called spat,
are either produced in hatcheries or collected in the wild on substrates to which
the spat attach when they leave the zooplankton and become benthic. In hatche-
ries, spat are allowed to settle on dead oyster shell, called cultch, which is then
placed on the sea bed. United States oyster farming is best develop in the state of
Washington, which currently ships a large percentage of its production to the east
coast and Gulf of Mexico regions, where disease and pollution problems have se-
verely limited the availability of local oysters. Most of the oyster production in
Washington is based upon the Japanese oyster, which is not native to the Pacific
North-west but was brought to Washington, Oregon and California from Japan
many years ago.
    Freshwater shrimp culture received a great deal of attention in the United
States during the 1970s. On the basic of culture of the so-called Giant Malaysian
prawn, freshwater shrimp culture was most successful in Hawaii, though a good
deal of research and development took place in South Carolina, Texas and a few
other states. Freshwater shrimp are relatively easy to produce in hatcheries, after
which the post larvae are stocked into culture ponds. In tropical climates, aqua-
culturists can potentially produce two crops per year. However, there are some
major problems associated with freshwater shrimp culture. For example, fresh-
water shrimp are cannibalistic. When a shrimp molts, it sheds its ecoskeleten to
provide an opportunity for growth it is vulnerable to attack by other shrimp for a
period of several hours until the new exockeleton hardens. Cannibalism can
cause significant losses. Other problems involve short life of the product after
harvest, and the difficulties in marketing have caused many shrimp culturists to
move away from fresh water shrimp and toward marine species.

                                     Vocabulary

   channel catfish                             канальный сом
   trout                                       форель
   rainbow trout                               радужная форель
   aquaculturist                               специалист по аквакультуре
   to raise                                    выращивать, разводить, выводить
   red drum                                    красный горбыль
   sturgeon                                    осетр
   invertebrate                                беспозвоночное животное
   oyster                                      устрица
   mussel                                      мидия
   clam                                        двустворчатый моллюск
   shrimp                                      креветка
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