Английский язык: Сборник текстов и упражнений. Дьякова Н.П. - 88 стр.

substrates.
    By 1957, the Laminaria culture area in Shandong and Liaoning Provinces had
reached 235 ha. In the late 1950s, summer seedling rearing techniques were de-
veloped, in which light intensity, led in a special seedling-rearing room. Com-
pared with the method of rearing autumn seedling in the sea, the culturing of
seedling in the summer helped extend the growout period by 60 days. This tech-
nique not only increased the yield per unit culture area immensely, but also made
possible the large scale culture of Laminaria off the Southern Chinese coast,
where the seawater temperature in summer is too high for Laminaria culture. To-
tal culture area exceeded 14 000 ha by late 1980s and annual production was more
than 270 000 tons dry weight, making China the largest producer of Laminaria in
the world. Since 1970s studies on Laminaria genetics and breeding have brought
about many achievements.
    Basically, there are two methods of growout for Laminaria. In areas where the
seawater transparency is good, the vertical or hanging kelp rope culture method is
used. In areas where transparency is poor or the current is strong, the horizontal
kelp rope culture method is adopted. Technical management during the growout
period includes adjustment of water depth and culture density, fertilisser applica-
tion, repair of damaged rafts and so on.
    Fertiliser application (by splashing; spraying or by using plastic bags or clay
bottle attached to the kelp ropes) is necessary as seawater in many areas of nor-
then China is nutrient deficient. The main aim of management during growout is
to utilise, adjust and improve natural conditions so as to optimise the growth and
development of Laminaria.

                                   Vocabulary

   kelp                        ламинария, морская капуста
   frond                       вайя, ветвь с листьями
   adverse                     неблагоприятный
   seedling                    саженец, проросток
   raft culture method         способ разведения культуры на плотах
   to install                  устанавливать
   substrate                   субстрат, подложка в культуре клеток
   yield                       урожай, добыча
   to exceed                   превышать
   to breed                    разводить, выводить ( о животных)
   breeding                    разведение
   transparency                прозрачность
   to splash                   брызгать, плескать
   to spray                    опрыскивать, обрызгивать, пульверизировать
   clay                        глина, глиняный
   nutrient                    питательное вещество

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