Английский язык: Сборник текстов и упражнений. Дьякова Н.П. - 93 стр.

signed his Commission in 1863. He had become interested in fish culture, then
regarded simply as the rearing of fish from the egg. This involved the fertilization
of eggs stripped by hand from ripe fish with milt similarly obtained. Release of
try was seen as a means of improving fisheries, particularly of salmon and trout,
in rivers and lakes which had suffered from overexploitation or pollution. He gave
a successful lecture on the subject at the Royal Institution in 1863, subsequently
published as «Fish Hatching», and was struck by the intense interest aroused by
his demonstration.
    He was permitted to set up a small fish hatchery at the South Kensington Mu-
seum, the forerunner of the Science Museum, and by 1865 had collected there a
range of exhibits which were to form the nucleus of his Museum of Economic
Fish Culture. This aimed to inform the public about the fish and fisheries of the
British Isles and for the rest of his life he laboured to develop this display. Al-
though he was paid for his attendances at the Museum, the exhibits were pro-
vided by him at his own expense; in his will he gave the history articles mainly
for «The Field». Then he helped to establish a rival journal, «Land and Water»,
which he supported until his death.
    National concern over many years at the decline of salmon fisheries, which
suffered not only from over fishing and pollution but also extensive poaching and
obstructions such as locks and weirs, led in 1861 to the passing of the Salmon Fi-
sheries Act under which two Inspectors for England and Wales were appointed.
When one of the original Inspectors resigned in 1867, Buckland was an obvious
choice as successor. He had already accompanied the Inspectors on their visits to
rivers and was also often asked for advice by riparian owners. He would think
nothing of plunging into a river in winter to help net fish for the collection of
eggs.
    Britain’s growing population in the last century created many problems of
food supply; the sea fisheries offered a cheap source of abundant first class pro-
tein and as a result the marine fisheries, and particularly the North Sea fisheries,
grew spectacularly. Little was known about sea fish; no statistics fish landings
were available at least into England, and the biological basis of fisheries were in-
exhaustible. Nevertheless there were disturbing indications that previously prolif-
ic fisheries were no longer profitable and many Royal Commissions were set up.
The most famous was that of 1863, which had Thomas Henry Huxley as one of its
members. Buckland himself sat on four Commissions between 1875 and his
death, a fact which reflected his increasing standing as a fisheries expert.


 Problems of Estimating Pacific Salmon Artificial Reproduction Efficiency
       and Interaction of Wild and Hatchery Salmon on Kamchatka
    Currently there are five salmon hatcheries on Kamchatka: Malkinsky, Para-
tunsky, Viluysky, «Ozerki» and «Ketkino». Total number of juvenile salmon re-
leased in 1998 was 32,6 million.
    As is well known, hatchery return is one of the important indicators of salmon
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