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- 15 -
In 1946 two engineers at the University of Pennsylvania,
J.Eckert and J.Maushly, built their digital computer with vacuum tubes.
They named their new invention ENIAC (the Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Calculator).
Another important achievement in developing computers
came in 1947, when John von Neumann developed the idea of keeping
instructions for the computer inside the computer's memory. The
contribution of John von Neumann was particularly significant. As
contrasted with Babbage's analytical engine, which was designed to store
only data, von Neumann's machine, called the Electronic Discrete
Variable Computer, or EDVAC, was able to store both data and
instructions. He also contributed to the idea of storing data and
instructions in a binary code that uses only ones and zeros. This
simplified computer design. Thus computers use two conditions, high
voltage, and low voltage, to translate the symbols by which we commu-
nicate into unique combinations of electrical pulses. We refer to these
combinations as codes.
Neumann's stored program computer as well as other ma-
chines of that time were made possible by the invention of the vacuum
tube that could control and amplify electronic signals. Early computers,
using vacuum tubes, could perform computations in thousandths of
seconds, called milliseconds, instead of seconds required by mechanical
devices.
Task 8. Answer the questions about the text.
1. When was the first analog computer built? 2. Where and how was
that computer used? 3. When did the first digital computers appear? 4.
Who was the inventor of the first digital computer? 5. What could that
device do? 6. What is ENIAC? Decode the word. 7. What was
J.Neumann's contribution into the development of computers? 8. What
were the advantages of EDVAC in comparison with ENIAC? 9. What
does binary code earn? 10. Due to what invention could the first digital
computers be built?
Task 9. Find the English equivalents of the following word combinations in
the text.
Цифровые компьютеры; технические усовершенствова-
ния; совершенствование компьютеров; ответственный за
изобретение; математические задачи; электронные трубки; важное
достижение; запоминающее устройство; значительный вклад;
двоичный код; высокое напряжение; низкое напряжение;
электрические импульсы; тысячная доля секунды.
- 15 - In 1946 two engineers at the University of Pennsylvania, J.Eckert and J.Maushly, built their digital computer with vacuum tubes. They named their new invention ENIAC (the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator). Another important achievement in developing computers came in 1947, when John von Neumann developed the idea of keeping instructions for the computer inside the computer's memory. The contribution of John von Neumann was particularly significant. As contrasted with Babbage's analytical engine, which was designed to store only data, von Neumann's machine, called the Electronic Discrete Variable Computer, or EDVAC, was able to store both data and instructions. He also contributed to the idea of storing data and instructions in a binary code that uses only ones and zeros. This simplified computer design. Thus computers use two conditions, high voltage, and low voltage, to translate the symbols by which we commu- nicate into unique combinations of electrical pulses. We refer to these combinations as codes. Neumann's stored program computer as well as other ma- chines of that time were made possible by the invention of the vacuum tube that could control and amplify electronic signals. Early computers, using vacuum tubes, could perform computations in thousandths of seconds, called milliseconds, instead of seconds required by mechanical devices. Task 8. Answer the questions about the text. 1. When was the first analog computer built? 2. Where and how was that computer used? 3. When did the first digital computers appear? 4. Who was the inventor of the first digital computer? 5. What could that device do? 6. What is ENIAC? Decode the word. 7. What was J.Neumann's contribution into the development of computers? 8. What were the advantages of EDVAC in comparison with ENIAC? 9. What does binary code earn? 10. Due to what invention could the first digital computers be built? Task 9. Find the English equivalents of the following word combinations in the text. Цифровые компьютеры; технические усовершенствова- ния; совершенствование компьютеров; ответственный за изобретение; математические задачи; электронные трубки; важное достижение; запоминающее устройство; значительный вклад; двоичный код; высокое напряжение; низкое напряжение; электрические импульсы; тысячная доля секунды.
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