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ɩɪɢ P = 0, ɚ f([
i
/s
1
) ɩɪɢ P = 1. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɟɤɨɪ-
ɪɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɠɟ, n-ɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ n ɨɞɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɉɟ-
ɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɦ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ
f(X/P) = V
-n
(2S)
-1/2
exp{-0,5V
-2
¦
n
i 1
(x
i
-Ps
i
)
2
}.
ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɷɬɭ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɩɨ-
ɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ:
-0,5V
-2
{
¦
n
i 1
[x
i
-P
1
s
i
]
2
+
¦
n
i 1
[x
i
-P
0
s
i
]
2
}tln(p
0
/p
1
).
ɉɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ P
1
=1, ɚ P
0
=0. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤ ɧɭɥɸ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ
Ɍ, ɫɭɦɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɬ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ Ɍ ɢ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
³
T
0
x(t)s(t)dt > E/2,
ɝɞɟ ȿ =
³
T
0
s
2
(t)dt - ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ-
ɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬ-
ɦɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ. ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɦɨ-
ɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɚ.
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɇɟɣɦɚɧɚ -ҏɉɢɪɫɨɧɚ
Ɉɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɨɪɨɝ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɟ-
ɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
³
f
C
f(l
/s
0
)dl=D, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ f(l/s
0
) - ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɧɨ-
ɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɧɨ-
ɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɞɨɩɨɞɨɛɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɋ. ȿɫɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ (
n ɜɟɥɢɤɨ), ɬɨ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɟɦɟ Ʌɹɩɭɧɨɜɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ
n ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɪɨɹɬ-
ɧɨɫɬɢ
l ɟɫɬɶ
f
1
(l/s
0
)|(2Snm
20
)
-1/2
exp[-(l-nm
10
)
2
/(2nm
20
)];
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