Английский язык. Горчакова Е.П - 15 стр.

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archetypes based on the accumulated experience and culture
of the human race. Archetypes can be studied through the
examination of myths and mystical experiences. In addition to
introversion and extraversion tendencies, Jung saw every
personality as having four basic functions: thinking, feeling,
sensing and intuition. Different functions dominate different
people, and according to Jung, the goal of selfhood is to obtain
balance among the four.

     [5] Uniqueness of the individual and striving for
personality development are important here, as is the belief
that our experiences continue to influence our personalities
throughout our lives.

     Existential theories are based on the belief that
psychology should study direct, subjective human experience,
and the further belief that people are essentially “good”.

     Maslow’s humanistic psychology saw our basic needs as
going beyond such things as hunger and pain avoidance to
include affection, security and self-esteem. Beyond these, he
saw still higher needs (meta needs), such as a striving toward
goodness, justice, beauty.

     [6] For self-actualization, for realizing the full potential of
one’s personality, some of the meta needs must be fulfilled.

     Though Maslow does not explicitly deal with the
unconscious, his concepts rely on Freud’s formulation of the
role of the unconscious. Both biological drivers and early
experiences help shape personality. With the concept of self-
actualization vital to the theory, the importance and
uniqueness of each individual is obviously important.

    Social-learning theories are in the tradition of
behaviorism, but Dollard and Miller tried to tie in the Freudian
concepts with those of behaviorism. [7]

     Infants are born with “primary drives”, based on
biological needs; therefore, the first learning task is to acquire
responses which meet these needs. A response which does this
is called a drive-reducing response. Cues are the signals to
which particular responses have been conditioned through the