Английский язык. Горчакова Е.П - 16 стр.

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16
effects of reinforcements. The individual, in learning to satisfy
his primary drives, acquires “secondary drives”, and (as with
primary drives) he learns to satisfy this. Through the process
of reinforcements many different drive-reducing responses are
acquired, and these constitute the developing “personality
traits”.
Social-learning theorists also depend on learning through
imitation – especially for the learning of social rules and
taboos, social action, and personal mannerisms.
The concept of “not thinking” about certain things (in
order to avoid anxiety) seems to be the equivalent, in Dollard
and Miller’s theory, of “repression” in Freud’s.
This same concept comes close to implying an
unconscious, although most behaviorists do not use the terms
“conscious” and “unconscious”.
This school of thought sees biological drives and early
experience as being of prime importance in the development of
personality.
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
4. Match the key terms with their explanations.
1. cue
2. defense
mechanisms
3. drive
4. drive-reducing
response
5. insulation
6. projection
7. rationalization
8. collective
unconscious
9. personal
unconscious
10.
11. ego
a) various forms of
reaction to the anxiety
aroused by conflict that
serve to protect and
enhance the self-picture;
b) those aspects of the
unconscious that are
inherited and represent the
accumulated experience of
the human species;
c) personality t
heories
growing out of behaviorism
(and situationism) 
                                           16

effects of reinforcements. The individual, in learning to satisfy
his primary drives, acquires “secondary drives”, and (as with
primary drives) he learns to satisfy this. Through the process
of reinforcements many different drive-reducing responses are
acquired, and these constitute the developing “personality
traits”.

     Social-learning theorists also depend on learning through
imitation – especially for the learning of social rules and
taboos, social action, and personal mannerisms.

     The concept of “not thinking” about certain things (in
order to avoid anxiety) seems to be the equivalent, in Dollard
and Miller’s theory, of “repression” in Freud’s.

     This same concept comes close to implying an
unconscious, although most behaviorists do not use the terms
“conscious” and “unconscious”.

     This school of thought sees biological drives and early
experience as being of prime importance in the development of
personality.

     VOCABULARY PRACTICE

     4 . Ma t c h t h e k ey t er m s wi t h t h ei r ex p l a n a t i o n s.


          1.  cue                              a) various forms of
          2.  defense                     reaction to the anxiety
     mechanisms                           aroused by conflict that
          3.  drive                       serve   to   protect    and
          4.  drive-reducing              enhance the self-picture;
     response
          5.  insulation                       b) those aspects of the
          6.  projection                  unconscious     that     are
          7.  rationalization             inherited and represent the
          8.  collective                  accumulated experience of
     unconscious                          the human species;
          9.  personal
     unconscious                               c) personality theories
          10.                             growing out of behaviorism
          11. ego                         (and situationism)

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