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example of a self-regulating machine is a thermostat, which achieves the temperature that has been pro-
grammed into it.
3. The applications of cybernetics are wide reaching, appearing in science, engineering, technology, soci-
ology, economics, education and medicine. Computers can keep a patient alive during a surgical operation,
making modifications based on a constant flow of information. In education teaching machines use cybernetic
principles to instruct students on an individual basis. Automation is present in such everyday products as refrig-
erators, coffee makers, and dishwashers. In industries in which a break in the flow of production can ruin the
product, automatic controls are invaluable. Chemical and petroleum plants, industries involved in the produc-
tion of atomic energy are now almost completely automatic. Automation has become the answer when human
safety is the number one priority.
VII. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту, запишите свои ответы.
1. What does the word "cybernetics" mean?
2. What is cybernetics concerned with?
3. According to the passage, how is automatic regulation accomplished?
4. What makes a system automatic and self-regulating?
5. In what areas does cybernetics have applications?
В а р и а н т № 2
I. Перепишите данные ниже предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой ча-
стью речи является слово с окончанием -s, т.е. служит ли оно:
a) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Halley's comet approaches the earth every seventy-five years.
2. Water expands upon freezing.
3. Lasers create stunning visual effects.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и письменно переведите их, учитывая особенности пере-
вода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. Clouds are classified into family groupings according to their height and shape.
2. The Old Stone Age lasted at least 2 million years.
3. Liquid or gas pressure is exerted equally in all directions.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения прилагательных,
и переведите их на русский язык.
1. The Californian redwoods, the tallest trees in the world, can withstand fire, insects and disease.
2. Auguste Bartholdi, the French sculptor, had the idea of the Statue of Liberty as early as 1856.
3. The more he studied the more interested he became.
4. Electronic mail is far more expensive than the postal system.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на
перевод неопределенных местоимений и наречий.
1. Lie detectors are used to record any changes in a person’s physical reactions.
2. No other scientist made so many great discoveries as M. Faraday.
3. Every cell has a special mechanism, which is responsible for the cell’s identity.
4. Some scientists believe that teleportation is possible.
V. Перепишите данные ниже предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и
укажите их инфинитив; письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Modern optical devices give our scientists an opportunity to look into the mystery of the microstructure.
2. The researchers conducted their experiments in the tropics.
3. Scientists will be able to predict what effects deforestation will have on the climate and air quality.
4. The use of the laser in biological and medical applications is rapidly expanding.
5. Tomorrow we’ll be discussing the alternatives to natural protein.
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