Лекции по лексикологии английского языка. Гусева Г.В. - 43 стр.

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Emotional words proper help to release emotions and tension. They include

interjections (Hell! Ah!), words with diminutive and derogatory affixes (duckling,

daddy), phrasal or converted personal nouns (a bore, a die-hard). Some words are

emotional only in their metaphorical meaning. cow, ass, devil, angel (as applied to

people).

Intensifying words are used to emphasize what is said: absolute, mere, ever,

so, just. Their denotative meaning may be supressed by their emphatic function:

awfully beautiful, terribly nice.

Evaluatory words express a value judgement and specify emotions as good

or bad. Their denotative and evaluative meanings cxo-exist: scheme – a secret and

dishonest plan.

Emotional words have some functional peculiarities.

1. They can be used in the emotional syntactic pattern a + (A) +N + of + a

+ N. - a mere button of a nose.

2. They can be used without any formal or logical connection with the

context: There was a rumour in the office about some diamonds. –

Diamonds, my eye, they’ll never find any diamonds. Here my eye has no

denotational meaning and the syntactic function.

3. They can contradict the meaning of the words they formally modify.:

awfully glad, damn good.

4. They can lend emotional colouring to the whole sentence and occupy an

optional position in it.

V. Stylistically Marked and Stylistically Neutral Words

The basic stylistic division of the vocabulary is stylistically neutral and

stylistically marked words. The former can be used in any situation and make up

the greater part of every utterance. The latter are found only in specific contexts.

horse (neutral) – steed (poetic) – gee-gee (a nursery word).