Лекции по лексикологии английского языка. Гусева Г.В. - 44 стр.

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Stylistically marked words are subdivided into formal and informal. Formal

vocabulary includes special terms (morpheme, phoneme), learned words (initial, to

exclude), official words (to dispatch, to summon) and poetic words (woe, to

behold, lone). Informal vocabulary is subduvided into standard colloquial and

substandard: slang, argot, dialectal, familiar and vulgar words. Colloquial

vocabulary includes common polysemantic words (thing, get, really, nice), nouns

converted from verbs (give a scare, make-up), verbs with postpositives (think out,

come on), substantivized adjectives (woolies, daily), emotional units (a bit tired, by

God, oh), modal words and expressions (definitely, in a way, rather, by no means).

Slang words are fresh and shocking words for usual things: drunk – boozy, cocke-

eyed, soaked, tight.

VI. Non-Semantic Grouping

Words may be grouped according to their initial letters. Alphabetic

organization is the simplest and most universal grouping of written words used in

most dictionaries. Grouping according to the words’ final letters is used in inverse

dictionaries and helps to make lists of words with similar suffixes or rhymin

words.

Grouping according to the length of words (the number of letters they

contain) is meant for communication engineering, automatic reading of messages

and correction of mistakes. The number of syllables is important theoretocally:

shorter words occur more frequently and have a greater number of meanings.

Grouping according to the words’ frequency is based on statistical counts. It

is used for practical purposes in lexicography, language teaching and shorthand. It

is also important theoretically – the most frequent words are polysemantic and

stylistically neutral.