Лекции по лексикологии английского языка. Гусева Г.В. - 42 стр.

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III. Terminological Systems

Terminilogical systems are sharply defined. Terms are words or word-

groups that name notions of a special field of Knowledge, industry or culture. They

have many peculiarities:

1. Terms are monosemantic words. Polysemy is only tolerated if the term

has different meanings in different fields of science: The meaning of

word in linguistics and mathematics.

2. A term has only a denotational free meaning and no figurative, contextual

or emotional meanings. But if regularly used in colloquial speech it

becomes a non-term.

3. Each term is strictly defined and has a constant meaning until a new

discovery changes the referent or the notion.

4. There is one-to-one correspondence between the concept and the term

naming it. Synonymous terms cause a great deal of confusion: linguistic

terms – phraseological unit, idiom, set expression.

5. Terms are created by specialists and never appear as a result of

spontaneous language development.

Various disciplines make use of each other’s acievements, therefore some

terms belong to several terminological systems: feedback, enthropy, redundancy.

There is a constant interchange between special and general vocabulary. Many

terms come to be used by laymen: vitamin, penocillin, gene, transistor, bionics. On

the other hand, everyday words may develop terminological meanigs.

IV. Emotionally Coloured and Emotionally Neutral Vocabulary

Language is used not only to make statements but also to convey or express

emotions. In this case lexical meaning acquires additional colouring (connotation).

There exist three types of emotional words: emotional proper, intensifyiing and

evaluatory.