Современная архитектура. Гусева О.Г - 8 стр.

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УлГТУ | Ульяновск

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7
Chapels
Chapels are places for worship, e.g. in churches, containing an altar, in honour
of particular saints. Sometimes they are erected as separate structures serving as
secondary churches in parishes or are attached to secular buildings.
In England chapels differed according to the type of building to which they
were attached and the special purpose for which they were erected. But a nave, to
which aisles were sometimes added, was common to all. Some were attached to royal
castles (St John's Chapel in the Tower of London), to royal palaces (St Stephen's
Chapel, Westminster), to manor houses, to colleges (in Oxford, Cambridge), to ec-
clesiastical palaces (Lambeth Palace), or to bridges (at Wakefield, 14th century),
while others were specially designed as mortuary chapels (Henry VII's Chapel,
Westminster).
Lateral chapels are not so frequent as in France, they are rare in those cathedrals
which were designed for monks and not for common people.
Lady Chapels appeared in England due to the adoration of the Virgin Mary. A
Lady Chapel is a major chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary and situated on the axis of
a church at its east end, as at Salisbury, or as a lateral addition, as at Ely. They form a
church within a church in most of English cathedrals.
Chantry Chapels often served, before the Restoration, for the saying of masses
for the souls of their founders and their families. These chapels were most numerous in
abbeys and cathedrals where the privilege of burial could only be obtained by some
offering. In English cathedrals chantry chapels often occupied one or more bays in an
aisle, and were enclosed by open screens, or were external additions to the original
building, while others were independent structures within the building. The Chantry
Chapel, Worcester (1504), erected to Arthur, son of Henry VII, is a remarkably fine
internal structure, its whole surface is covered, both internally and externally, with
tracery, and sculptured.
Galilee or galilee chapel is a narthex or chapel for worship at the west end of a
church. It can also mean a chapel connected with some early medieval churches, to
which monks returned after processions, and in which they were allowed to meet
women who were related to them, and where the worthy dead were buried.
Shrines or shrine chapels are places containing sacred relics. They were frequent in
English cathedrals, but many were destroyed at the Reformation.
The Chapel of Ease is a church built within the bounds of a parish for the at-
tendance of those who cannot reach the parish church conveniently.
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Vocabulary:
a painted glass
to preach
a sacristy
a dormitory
a refectory

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