Формирование внешнеполитических доктрин США. Кирчанов М.В. - 40 стр.

     ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ (World Security Institute) – ɧɟɡɚɜɢ-
ɫɢɦɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ-
ɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ – ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɜɵɡɨɜɨɜ ɢ ɭɝɪɨɡ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨ-
ɫɬɢ. ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɐɟɧɬɪ ɨɛɨɪɨɧ-
ɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ (Center for Defense Information). ɋɪɟɞɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɧɚɞ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟ-
ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɋɒȺ, ɩɨɢɫɤɢ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɋɒȺ ɜ ɂɪɚɤɟ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɪɪɨɪɢɡɦɚ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɪɚɤɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɵ.
     ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨ-
ɲɟɧɢɣ (National Democratic Institute for International Affairs) ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɟɪ-
ɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɢ ɢ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ.
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɨɜ, ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɨ-
ɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɢ. ɋ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɚ-
ɸɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɢ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɭɞɟ-
ɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸ-
ɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɚ.
     ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ (North American Institute), ɜɨ ɝɥɚɜɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ Ȼɢɥɥ Ɋɢɱɚɪɞɫɨɧ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɱ-
ɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ
ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ. ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɇȺɎɌȺ. ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɧɚɞ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɦɹɝɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱ-
ɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ, ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɪɟɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɋɒȺ, Ʉɚɧɚɞɨɣ ɢ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɨɣ.
     ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ (World Policy Institute) ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɫɨɜɪɟ-
ɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ 1990-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ, ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵɥ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɧɟɡɚɞɨɥɝɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ, ɜ 1948 ɝɨɞɭ. ȿɝɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ
ɜɵɡɜɚɧɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ
ɋɨɸɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɟɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ɂɧɫɬɢ-
ɬɭɬ, ɩɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ 1952 ɝɨɞɭ ɜ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ-
ɫɬɜɚ (Institute for International Government), ɜ 1954-ɦ – ɜ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ-
ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ (Institute for International Order), ɜ 1973-ɦ – ɜ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ (Institute for World Order), ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɚɦɟɪɢ-
ɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɪɨɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɝɪɚɬɶ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɟ ɜ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɧɟ-
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ – ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
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