Формирование внешнеполитических доктрин США. Кирчанов М.В. - 41 стр.

ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ
ɜɧɟɲɧɟɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ; ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɢ
ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɋɒȺ;
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɪɨɥɢ ɢ
ɦɟɫɬɚ ɋɒȺ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ. ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɢɡɞɚɟɬ «World Policy Journal».
     ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦ, ɫɪɟɞɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ – ɟɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ (The Eurasia Project), ɤɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ
(Cuba Project), ɚɧɬɢɬɟɪɪɨɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ (Counterterrorism Project). ȿɜ-
ɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɛɵɥ ɧɚɱɚɬ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ ɜ 1998 ɝɨɞɭ. ȼ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɨɬɪɭɞ-
ɧɢɤɢ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ (ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɧɚ-
ɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɚ, ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬ-
ɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ), ɭɝɪɨɡɵ ɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɵ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
(ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɬɟɪɪɨɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɝɪɨ-
ɡɵ), ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ (ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɪɟɮɨɪ-
ɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟɦ ɜ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɫɭ-
ɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ). Ʉɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɤɭɛɢɧɨ-
ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɧɚ Ʉɭɛɟ.
     ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ Ɇɨɧɬɟɪɟɟ (Monterey
Institute of International Studies), ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ Ʉɚɥɢɮɨɪɧɢɢ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ, ɝɞɟ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ
ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ. ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ. ȼ
ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɜɢɥɨ, ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ, ɜɥɚɞɟɸɳɢɟ
ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɢɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ Ɇɨɧɬɟɪɟɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɥɢɡɦɚ. ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɛɵɥ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɜ 1955 ɝɨɞɭ
Ƚɚɫɩɚɪɞɨɦ ȼɷɣɫɫɨɦ, Ɋɷɦɡɷɧɨɦ Ȼɺɪɞɨɦ ɢ Ⱦɭɚɣɬɨɦ Ɇɨɪɪɨɭ. ɋ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɬɨɣ ɪɨɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ
ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɩɨ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦ.
     ȼɨ ɝɥɚɜɟ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ (In-
stitute on Global Conflict and Cooperation) ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɋɶɸɡɷɧ ɒɺɪɤ – ɫɩɟ-
ɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ Ⱥɡɢɢ, ɪɚɧɧɟɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɜɲɚɹ ɜ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ Ⱦɟ-
ɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɟ ɋɒȺ. ȼ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɨɧɚ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨ-
ɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɨ-ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ. ɉɨɱɟɬɧɵɦ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɏɟɪ-
ɛɟɪɬ Ƀɨɪɤ, ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɤɚɪɶɟɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɜ Ɇɚɧɯɷɬɬɨɧ-
ɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ. ɉɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɏ. Ƀɨɪɤ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɫɹ
ɧɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ. ɂɡ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ
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