Письменный перевод в сфере экономики и бизнеса. Княжева Е.А. - 19 стр.

                                           19
      - Reduction, elimination, or harmonization of subsidies for local
businesses.
      Intellectual property restrictions
      - Harmonization of intellectual property laws across nations (generally
speaking, with more restrictions).
      - Supranational recognition of intellectual property restrictions (e.g.
patents granted by China would be recognized in the US).
                                      Text 2
                    Historical precedents of Globalization
      Although the term "globalization' was coined in the latter half of the
twentieth century, and the term and its concepts did not permeate popular
consciousness until the latter half of the 1980's; various social scientists have
tried to demonstrate continuity between contemporary trends of globalization
and earlier periods. Earlier forms of globalization existed during the Mongol
Empire, when there was greater integration along the Silk Road.
      The first steps towards Globalization as we know it nowadays were taken
in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries, when the Spanish Empire reached to
all corners of the world. The effects on European industries were notable, e.g.
the Silver Mining in Schwaz in Austria was partly abandoned, as silver was
available from the Spanish colonies for lower prices. Globalization became a
business phenomena in the 17th century when the first Multinational was
founded in The Netherlands. During the Dutch Golden Age the Dutch East India
Company was established as a private owned company. Because of the high
risks involved with the international trade, ownership was divided with Shares.
The Dutch East India Company was the first company in the world to issue
shares, an important driver for globalization.
      Liberalization in the 19th century is often called "The First Era of
Globalization", a period characterised by rapid growth in international trade and
investment, between the European imperial powers, their colonies, and, later, the
United States.The "First Era of Globalization" began to break down at the