Письменный перевод в сфере экономики и бизнеса. Княжева Е.А. - 20 стр.

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beginning with the first World War, and later collapsed during the gold standard
crisis in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Countries that engaged in that era of
globalization, including the European core, some of the European periphery and
various European American and Oceanic offshoots, prospered. Inequality
between those states fell, as goods, capital and labour flowed freely between
nations.
      Globalization in the era since World War II has been driven by advances
in technology which have reduced the costs of trade, and trade negotiation
rounds, originally under the auspices of GATT, which led to a series of
agreements to remove restrictions on free trade. The Uruguay round (1984 to
1995) led to a treaty to create the World Trade Organization (WTO), to mediate
trade disputes. Other bi- and trilateral trade agreements, including sections of
Europe's Maastricht Treaty and the North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA) have also been signed in pursuit of the goal of reducing tariffs and
barriers to trade.
      The world increasingly is confronted by problems that can not be solved
by individual nation-states acting alone. Examples include cross-boundary air
and water pollution, over-fishing of the oceans and other degradations of the
natural environment, regulation of outer-space, global warming, international
terrorist networks, global trade and finance, and so on. Solutions to these
problems necessitate new forms of cooperation and the creation of new global
institutions. Since the end of WWII, following the advent of the UN and the
Bretton Woods institutions, there has been an explosion in the reach and power
of Transnational corporations and the rapid growth of global civil society.
      The Global scenario group, an environmental research and forecasting
organization, views globalization as part of the shift to a Planetary Phase of
Civilization, characterized by global social organizations, economies, and
communications. The GSG maintains that the future character of this global
society is uncertain and contested.