Предварительный анализ и перевод специального текста. Княжева Е.А - 23 стр.

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      XHTML is HTML written according to the XML rules of well-formedness. To
understand XHTML, we therefore have to understand XML. Many articles have
already been written on this subject, so a short summary should be enough.
      XML is a general markup language. Unlike HTML, XML allows you to make
up your own tags and thus impose your own structure on the document. Do you need
a tag ? Add it to your document, make sure some program knows
what to do when it encounters this tag, and you’re ready.
      There are a few simple rules for XML documents (see below). As long as your
tags are correctly formed, XML doesn’t care what the actual tags are. So XML is a
generalized markup language that you can use in any way you like.
      In contrast, HTML is a much more rigidly defined markup language where
your tags have to adhere to a syntax to make sure browsers understand you.
Nonetheless, the open character of XML allows us to treat HTML documents as
XML documents with the specific purpose of being shown by a web browser.
However, the old standards of HTML are not completely XML compatible. For
instance, using a 
 at the end of each paragraph is not required in HTML, it is
optional. Web browsers don’t care if it’s there because they’re programmed not to,
but XML parsers will be stricter and will tell you that your HTML document is not
well-formed XML.
      To bridge the gap between the two, XHTML was developed. In essence it is
simply HTML, but XML rules of well-formedness have been added to the normal
HTML syntax. Thus web pages would become XML-conforming and web developers
would become acquainted with the rules and restrictions of XML.

       Text C
       A Real World Project
       In this month’s column, I’m going to show you how I used Poser, 3D Studio
Max 5 and Photoshop 7 to create images for an Art exhibition titled: «The Dark
Night…» It began with obtaining a review copy of Poser 5. When I installed it, it
crashed my computer the first time I tried to run it (a Pentium 4, 2.1 MH with 512
MB of Ram). A reinstall fixed the problem, but when I tried to use it recently, it
crashed my computer every time I tried to use it. The only solution was to use the
Service Release 3 patch downloaded from the Curious Labs web site. After that, the
program opened, but I remained suspicious of it for a while, though it now seemed
stable. Still, I wanted to use Poser in the way the name implies, for posing figures. I
needed a face and a neck for a series titled «The Faces of Denial». In the early
planning stages of the project, I obtained a white mask, but I wasn’t satisfied with the
look of the mask, nor was I confident that it would work with textures I had in mind,
so I turned to 3D and Poser was the perfect starting point.
       Upon working with Poser, I looked at the Face Sculpting tools and
experimented with adjusting the features using the Ethnicity controls, but I quickly
realized that the default face gave me the overall blank look I was after. Using the
cameras, I zoomed in on the default male figure, then using the Lipsync Morphs, I
adjusted the mouth position so it resembled the Venetian mask above. Once I had