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Exercise 2. Translate from Russian into English.
1 Какова цель любой рекламы?
2 Всю важную информацию о товарах и услугах вы можете получить на нашем сайте.
3 Рекламодатели вынуждены платить большие деньги, чтобы разместить свою рекламу на телеви-
дении и в газетах.
4 Политическая, торговая и социальная реклама имеют разные цели и разные источники финанси-
рования.
Exercise 3. Retell the story.
Text 1. Read, translate and retell.
Sir Anthony Van Dyck, one of the world's greatest masters of portraiture, was born in Antwerp and was the
seventh of twelve children. His affluent father apprenticed him to a painter when he was just a little over ten.
Having become a member of the Antwerp Guild of painters before he was nineteen, he worked in the studio
of Peter Paul Rubens for several years.
In Italy, Van Dyck studied the great Venetian masters and painted flattering portraits of gorgeous ladies and
haughty nobles in gilded velvet robes with lace and pearls. While he was sought after by the aristocracy for
his acclaimed loose brushwork, his engravings and etchings also evinced his outstanding talent. Upon his
return to Antwerp in 1628, he was influenced by Rubens's interpretation of the artistic form and produced
numerous religious paintings while holding an appointment as the court painter. During his tenure, he proved
that his use of color, his sensitive elegance, and his remarkable insight were unexcelled.
His fame preceded him to England, where he was invited by King Charles I. After years of faithful service,
he was knighted in recognition of his achievements in painting countless portraits of the king, the queen, the
royal children, and the titled nobility of England. However, Van Dyck's greatest piece is one of his religious
works, a true masterpiece displayed in the Antwerp gallery. This group scene exhibits his artful polish in
painting the folds of fabric, the delicacy of human skin, landscape, and other externals, and puts him above
other accomplished contemporary masters. Although Charles paid Van Dyck a salary and granted him a pen-
sion, the painter's extravagant life-style and penchant for luxuries led him into debt, and he died without
means.
Text 2. Read, translate and retell.
Linen is yarn, thread, or fabric made from the stem fibers of flax, one of the oldest cultivated plants. Because
the plant is grown in temperate climates, its production is limited. Archaeological evidence shows that flax
was used for making ropes and fishing nets in Line Switzerland over 10,000 years ago. Ancient Egyptians
used flax more than any other fiber for making linen, which was employed in the manufacture of a diverse
array of other materials. When the use of linen spread from the Mediterranean to Europe, linen became sec-
ond only to wool as the most prevalent material for fabric, primarily because the spindle was no longer the
sole device used for winding thread. It was during that time that the spinning wheel replaced the spindle and
distaff for twisting and winding the flax fibers. By the end of the seventeenth century, a spinning wheel for
linen was a fixture in almost every European and North American household.
Linen is relatively scarce now because the process of weaving flax fabric is comparatively work- and time-
consuming. Upon harvesting, flax must be hackled to separate the linen fibers from the tow. Then the fibers
are soaked and dried. Bundling the gleaned fiber precedes raking and thinning. The latter are essential steps
since unraveling the fibrous mass of stems can facilitate winding. After the threads have been spun, they are
laid on a loom and woven into the finished product, known as linen. As is the case with some other natural
fibers, such as silk and wool, the price of linen fabric is rather high, and it is not as easy to care for as fabrics
made of synthetic rayon, acetate, and viscose.
Text 3. Read, translate and retell.
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