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1) [U] when someone loses their job in a com-
pany because the job is no longer needed
2) [C usually plural] a person who has lost their
job in a company because the job is no longer needed
redundant adj especially BrE if you are redun-
dant or made redundant, your employer no longer has
a job for you
reference n [C]
1) a letter written by someone who knows you
well, usually to a new employer, giving information
about your character, abilities, or qualifications
2) a person who provides information about your
character, abilities, or qualifications when you are try-
ing to get a job
refund n [C] a sum of money that is given back
to you
reliable adj someone or something that is reliable
can be trusted or depended on – reliability n [U]
relocate v [I,T] if a company or workers relocate
or are relocated, they move to a different place – relo-
cation n [C,U]
resign v [I,T] to officially leave a job, position
etc usually through your own choice, rather than be-
ing told to leave – resignation n [C]
resource n
1) [C usually plural] also natural resource some-
thing such as oil, land, or natural energy that exists in
a country and can be used to increase its wealth
2) resources [plural] all the money, property,
skill, labour etc that a company has available
restriction n [C] an official rule that limits or
controls what people can do or what is allowed to
happen
retailer n [C]
1) a business that sells goods to members of the
public, rather than to shops etc
2) someone who owns or runs a shop selling
goods to members of the public
retail outlet n [C] a shop through which products
are sold to the public
retain v [T] to keep something or to continue to
have it
rise
1
v past tense rose past participle risen [I] to
increase in number, amount, or value
rise
2
n
1) [C] an increase in number, amount, or value
2) [C] BrE an increase in salary or wages. A rise
is called a raise in American English
3) [singular] the process of becoming more im-
portant, successful, or powerful
rival n [C] a person, group, or organization that
you compete with
rocket also rocket up v [I] if a price or amount
rockets or rockets up, it increases quickly and sud-
denly
sample
1
n [C]
1) a group of people who have been chosen to
give opinions or information about something
2) a small amount of a product that people can try
in order to find out what it is like
sample
2
v [T]
1) to ask questions to a group of people chosen
from a larger group, in order to get information or
opinions from them, so as to better understand the lar-
ger group
2) to try a small amount of a product in order to
find out what it is like
sanction n [C] an official order or law stopping
trade or communication with another country in order
to force political change in that country
scarce adj if something is scarce, there is not
enough of it available
security n plural securities
1) [U] actions to keep someone or something safe
from being damaged, stolen etc
2) [U] a feeling of being safe and free
from worry about what might happen
3) [U] property or other assets that you promise
to give someone if you cannot pay back the money
that you owe them
4) [C] a financial investment such as a bond or
share, or the related certificate showing who owns
it
segment
1
n [C]
1) a part of the economy of a country or a com-
pany's work
2) also market segment a group of customers
that share similar characteristics, such as age, income,
interests, social class etc
3) also market segment the products in a particu-
lar part of the market
segment
2
v [T] to divide a large group of people
into smaller groups of people of a similar age or with
similar incomes, interests etc. Companies segment
markets so as to be able to sell to each group the
products that are most suitable for it – segmentation
n [U]
sell-off n [C] when a business, company etc, or
part of one, is sold to another company
share n [C] one of the parts into which ownership
of a company is divided
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